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The deposition of volcanics and pyritite in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

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Abstract

Stratiform pyritic deposits occur interbedded with sedimentary and volcanic rocks and may be considered to consist of sulphidic rock, called “pyritite”. In the Iberian Pyrite Belt such deposits are found at different levels and settings in the Volcanic-Siliceous Complex of Lower Carboniferous age, which comprises sediments and felsic to mafic volcanics. The felsic volcanics range from dust tuffs to lapilli tuffs of quartz-keratophyric to rhyolitic composition, and are interpreted as submarine ashflow tuffs laid down by sliding and flowing down volcanoes at the eruptive centres in the Hercynian geosyncline. The pyritite bodies are likewise regarded as redeposited: they originated on the volcano flanks from emanations towards the end of the felsic vulcanicity, to slump and move down into deeper water among tuffs or muds.

Résumé

Les gisements pyriteux stratiformes se trouvent intercalés dans des roches sédimentaires et volcaniques, ce qui mène à les considérer comme constitués d'une roche appelée »pyritite«. Dans la Ceinture Pyriteuse Ibérique, ces dépôts se présentent dans des niveaux et des milieux variés, dans le Complexe Vulcano-Siliceux, d'âge Carbonifère inférieur, qui comporte des sédiments et des roches volcaniques acides et basiques. Les volcanites acides sont des tufs variant de très fins à grossiers, de composition quartz-kératophyrique à rhyolitique. Nous admettons un mode de dépôt par des coulées sous-marines de cendres, à la suite d'éboulements sur les volcans aux centres éruptifs dans le géosynclinal hercynien. Nous estimons également que les masses de pyritite se sont déposées en deux étapes: engendrées par des exhalations sur les flancs des volcans, vers la fin du volcanisme acide, elles glissaient et coulaient dans des eaux plus profondes, parmi des tufs ou des boues.

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Schermerhorn, L.J.G. The deposition of volcanics and pyritite in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Mineral. Deposita 5, 273–279 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201992

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