Summary
-
1.
Filiform hairs of various lengths on the cerci of adult crickets vibrate in a sound field. These movements were measured with a photodetector for sound frequencies from 10 Hz to 200 Hz in the species Acheta domestica, Gryllus bimaculatus and Phaeophilacris spectrum.
-
2.
With low air-particle velocities, the hair shafts were deflected sinusoidally from their resting position, without bending or secondary oscillations (Figs. 2 A, 3 A). At higher velocities (from ca. 80 mm/s peak velocity, depending on the properties of the individual hairs), the shaft struck the cuticular rim of the socket in which the base of the hair is seated (Fig. 2B). This contact was made at an average angular displacement from the resting position of 5.16°±1.0°.
-
3.
The best frequencies of the hairs were found to be between 40 Hz and 100 Hz (Fig. 5A). The slope of the amplitude curve for constant peak air-particle velocity at frequencies below the best frequencies was between 0 and 6 dB/octave. Long hairs had smaller slope values than short hairs (Fig. 5C).
-
4.
At its best frequency the ratio of maximal tip displacement of a hair to the displacement of the air particles in the sound field was between 0.2 and 2. Only a small number of hairs (2 out of 36) showed tip displacements exceeding twice the air-particle displacement. The values of maximal angular displacement were not correlated to hair length (Fig. 5 B).
-
5.
The angular displacement of the hairs was phase shifted with respect to the air-particle velocity by 0° to +45° (phase lead) at sound frequencies around 10 Hz and by -45° to -120° (phase lag) at 200 Hz (Figs. 3C, 4B). At a particular frequency long hairs tended to have larger phase lags than shorter hairs (Fig. 5D).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bennet-Clark HC (1975) Acoustics and the behaviour of Drosophila. Verb Dtsch Zool Ges 1975: 18–28
Bennet-Clark HC (1984) A particle velocity microphone for the song of small insects and other acoustic measurements. J Exp Biol 108:459–463
Camhi JM, Tom W (1978) The escape behavior of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. I. Turning response to wind puffs. J Comp Physiol 128:193–201
Chiba A, Shepherd D, Murphey RK (1988) Synaptic rearrangement during postembryonic development in the cricket. Science 240:901–905
Edwards JS, Palka J (1974) The cerci and abdominal giant fibres of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. I. Anatomy and physiology of normal adults. Proc R Soc Lond B 185:83–103
Fletcher NH (1978) Acoustical response of hair receptors in insects. J Comp Physiol 127:185–189
Gnatzy W, Tautz J (1980) Ultrastructure and mechanical properties of an insect mechanoreceptor: Stimulus-transmitting structures and sensory apparatus of the cereal filiform hairs of Gryllus. Cell Tissue Res 213:441–463
Heußlein R (1988) Verarbeitung mechanischer Reize im cercalen System von Grillen. In: Elsner N, Barth FG (eds). Sense Organs. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, p 154
Kämper G (1984) Abdominal ascending interneurons in crickets: responses to sound at the 30-Hz calling-song frequency. J Comp Physiol A 155:507–520
Kämper G, Dambach M (1979) Communication by infrasound in a non-stridulating cricket. Naturwissenschaften 66:530
Kämper G, Dambach M (1981) Response of the cercus-to-giant interneuron system in crickets to species-specific song. J Comp Physiol 141:311–317
Kämper G, Dambach M (1985) Low-frequency airborne vibrations generated by crickets during singing and aggression. J Insect Physiol 31:925–929
Kämper G, Murphey RK (1987) Synapse formation by sensory neurons after cross-species transplantation in crickets: The role of positional information. Dev Biol 122:492–502
Kanou M, Osawa T, Shimozawa T (1988) Ecdysal growth of the filiform hairs and sensitivity of the cereal sensory system of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. J Comp Physiol A 162:573–579
Kanou M, Shimozawa T (1984) A threshold analysis of cricket cercal interneurons by an alternating air-current stimulus. J Comp Physiol A 154:357–365
Markl H, Tautz J (1975) The sensitivity of hair receptors in caterpillars of Barathra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) to particle movement in a sound field. J Comp Physiol 99:79–87
Murphey RK (1986) Competition and the dynamics of axon arbor growth in the cricket. J Comp Neurol 251:100–110
Murphey RK, Palka J, Hustert R (1977) The cercus-to-giant interneuron system of crickets. II. Response characteristics of two giant interneurons. J Comp Physiol 119:285–300
Nicklaus R (1965) Die Erregung einzelner Fadenhaare von Periplaneta americana in Abhängigkeit von der Größe und Richtung der Auslenkung. Z Vergl Physiol 50:331–362
Reißland A, Görner P (1985) Trichobothria. In: Barth FG (ed) Neurobiology of arachnids. Springer, Berlin, pp 138–161
Shepherd D, Kämper G, Murphey RK (1988) The synaptic origins of receptive field properties in the cricket cereal sensory system. J Comp Physiol A 162:1–11
Shepherd D, Murphey RK (1986) Competition regulates the efficacy of an identified synapse in crickets. J Neurosci 6:3152–3160
Shimozawa T, Kanou M (1984a) Varieties of filiform hairs: range fractionation by sensory afferents and cereal interneurons of a cricket. J Comp Physiol A 155:485–493
Shimozawa T, Kanou M (1984b) The aerodynamics and sensory physiology of range fractionation in the cereal filiform sensilla of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. J Comp Physiol A 155:495–505
Tautz J (1979) Reception of particle oscillation in a mediuman unorthodox sensory capacity. Naturwissenschaften 66:452–461
Tautz J, Markl H (1978) Caterpillars detect flying wasps by hairs sensitive to airborne vibration. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 4:101–110
Tischner H (1953) Über den Gehörsinn von Stechmücken. Acustica 3:335–343
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kämper, G., Kleindienst, HU. Oscillation of cricket sensory hairs in a low-frequency sound field. J Comp Physiol A 167, 193–200 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00188111
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00188111