Effects of magnesium on ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias in the rat heart and electrophysiologic effects of hypermagnesemia in the anesthetized dog

Summary

Magnesium sulfate, reportedly clinically effective against some ventricular arrhythmias, has not been extensively studied for its effects on experimental ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias. We evaluated the effects of three high extracellular concentrations of magnesium (Mg²⁺) 1.19, 2.38, and 4.76 mM in 70 isolated perfused rat hearts following coronary artery ligation and peperfusion, at each of three different perfusate ionized calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations (0.9, 1.25, and, 2.5 mM), where 1.25 mM is close to physiologic. At 0.9 mM Ca²⁺, higher concentrations of Mg²⁺ increased the sinus node cycle length (p<0.02) and virtually abolished ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) (p<0.01), otherwise consistently found in this model. At 1.25 and 2.5 mM Ca²⁺ increasing Mg²⁺ had no effect on the incidence of ischemic or reperfusion arrhythmias, although at 1.25 mM Ca²⁺ ischemic VT had longer cycle lengths and VT appeared after a longer delay (p<0.01). In the nonischemic dog heart, marked increases of serum Mg²⁺ progressively prolonged the A-H, H-V, and QR S intervals, the ventricular effective refractory period, and the sinus cycle length, while the arterial blood pressure fell. Because of its relatively modest electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects, it is inferred that intravenous magnesium may be given therapeutically with relative safety.