Abstract
The N and P contents of the litter layer and the return of these nutrients in litterfall were measured in seven stands of Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) ranging in age from 5 years to about 250 years. Both annual litterfall and nutrient return were correlated with stand basal area and were high compared with other productive eucalypt forests. In contrast, the fall of dead eucalypt leaves was constant with stand age, demonstrating that sites are fully occupied at an early age. Similarly, amounts of N and P in total leaf fall (overstorey plus understorey) were constant with stand age, except for low amounts in the stand aged 40 years where Acacia spp., important fixers of atmospheric N, were not prevalent. The decomposition constant (k) of organic matter in the litter layer decreased with stand age, from 0.31 year-1 at age 5 years to 0.23 year-1 at age 250 years. These constants also applied to N and P, indicating a tight coupling between organic matter decomposition and release of these nutrients from litter. The litter layer released about 30 kg ha-1 of N at age 5 years, and about 70 kg ha-1 at age 80 years. These results are discussed in relation to growth of Mountain Ash following fire, and the subsequent retention and accumulation of N during stand development.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams M A and Attiwill P M 1984 Role of Acacia spp. in nutrient balance and cycling in regenerating Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. forests. I. Temporal changes in biomass and nutrient content. Aust. J. Bot. 32, 205–215.
Adams M A and Attiwill P M 1986 Nutrient cycling and nitrogen mineralization in eucalypt forests of south-eastern Australia. I. Nutrient cycling and nitrogen turnover, Plant and Soil 92, 319–339.
Adams M A, Polglase P J, Attiwill P M and Weston C J 1989 In situ studies of nitrogen mineralization and uptake in forest soils: Some comments on methodology. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21, 423–429.
Ashton D H 1975 Studies of litter in Eucalyptus regnans forests. Aust. J. Bot. 23, 413–433.
Ashton D H 1981 Fire in tall open-forest (wet sclerophyll forests). In Fire and the Australian Biota. Eds. A MGill, R HGroves and I RNobel. pp 339–366. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
Attiwill P M 1979 Nutrient cycling in a Eucalyptus obliqua (L'Herit.) forest. III. Growth, biomass and net primary productivity. Aust. J. Bot. 27, 439–458.
Attiwill P M 1980 Nutrient cycling in a Eucalyptus obliqua (L'Herit.) forest. IV. Nutrient uptake and nutrient return. Aust. J. Bot. 28, 199–222.
Baker T G 1982 Studies on the Distribution and Cycling of Nitrogen in Forests. Ph.D. thesis, University of Melbourne.
Baker T G 1983 Dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content of litterfall and branchfall in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus forests. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 13, 205–221.
Baker T G and Attiwill P M 1981 Nitrogen in Australian eucalypt forests. In Proceedings Australian Forest Nutrition Workshop: Productivity in Perpetuity. pp 159–172. CSIRO Melbourne, Australia.
Baker T G and Attiwill P M 1985 Above ground nutrient distribution and cycling in Pinus radiata D. Don and Eucalyptus obliqua L'Herit. forests in south-eastern Australia. For. Ecol. Manage. 13, 41–52.
Beadle N C W and Costin A B 1952 Ecological classification and nomenclature. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 77, 61–82.
Birk E M and Simpson R W 1980 Steady state and the continuous input model of litter accumulation and decomposition in Australian eucalypt forests. Ecology 61, 481–485.
Feller M C 1980 Biomass and nutrient distribution in two eucalypt forest ecosystems. Aust. J. Ecol. 5, 309–333.
Johnson D W, Cole D W, Bledsow C S, Cromack K, Edmonds R L, Gessel S P, Grier C C, Richards B N and Vogt K A 1982 Nutrient cycling in forests of the Pacific Northwest. In Analysis of Coniferous Forest Ecosystems in the Western United States. Ed. R LEdmonds. pp 186–232. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsberg, PA.
Landsberg J J 1986 Physiological ecology of forest production. Academic Press, London. 198 p.
Miller H G 1981 Forest fertilization: Some guiding concepts. Forestry 54, 157–166.
O'Connell A M 1986 Effect of negume understorey on decomposition and nutrient content of eucalypt forest litter. Plant and Soil 92, 235–248.
O'Connell A M and Menagé P M A 1982 Litterfall and nutrient cycling in karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell.) forest in relation to stand age. Aust. J. Ecol. 7, 49–62.
Olsen J S 1963 Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology 44, 322–330.
Pastor J, Aber J D, McClaugherty C A and Melillo J M 1984 Aboveground production and N and P cycling along a nitrogen mineralization gradient on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin. Ecology 65, 256–268.
Polglase P J, Attiwill P M and Adams M A 1986 Immobilization of soil nitrogen following wildfire in two eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia. Oecol. Plant. 7, 261–271.
Pryor L D 1963 Ashbed response as a key to plantation establishment on poor sites. Aust. For. 27, 48–51.
Stace H C T, Hubble G D, Brewer R, Northcote K H, Sleeman J R, Mulcahy M J and Hallsworth E G 1972 A Handbook of Australian Soils. Rellim, Adelaide. 429 p.
Technicon Instruments 1977 Individual/Simultaneous Determination of Nitrogen and/or Phosphorus in BD Acid Digests. Industrial Method No. 329–74 W./B. Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, NY.
Vitousek P M and Matson P A 1984 Mechanisms of nitrogen retention in forest ecosystems: A field experiment. Science 225, 51–52.
Webb L J, Tracey J G, Williams W T and Lance G N 1969 Pattern of mineral return in leaf litter of 3 sub-tropical Australian forests. Aust. For. 33, 99–110.
Weston C J and Attiwill P M 1990 Effects of fire and harvesting on nitrogen transformations and ionic mobility in soils of Eucalyptus regnans of south-eastern Australia. Oecologia 83, 20–26.
Wilm H G 1946 The design and analysis of methods for sampling microclimate factors. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 41, 221–232.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Polglase, P.J., Attiwill, P.M. Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in relation to stand age of Ecucalyptus regnans F. Muell. Plant Soil 142, 157–166 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00010962
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00010962