Abstract
In recent years, many researchers have recognized the importance of associating events with sentiments. Previous approaches focus on generalizing events and extracting sentimental information from a large-scale corpus. However, since context is absent and sentiment is often implicit in the event, these methods are limited in comprehending the semantics of the event and capturing effective sentimental clues. In this work, we propose a novel Multi-perspective Knowledge-injected Interaction Network (MKIN) to fully understand the event and accurately predict its sentiment by injecting multi-perspective knowledge. Specifically, we leverage contexts to provide sufficient semantic information and perform context modeling to capture the semantic relationships between events and contexts. Moreover, we also introduce human emotional feedback and sentiment-related concepts to provide explicit sentimental clues from the perspective of human emotional state and word meaning, filling the reasoning gap in the sentiment prediction process. Experimental results on the gold standard dataset show that our model achieves better performance over the baseline models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agarap, A.F.: Deep learning using rectified linear units (relu). CoRR abs/1803.08375 (2018). http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.08375
Bosselut, A., Rashkin, H., Sap, M., Malaviya, C., Celikyilmaz, A., Choi, Y.: COMET: commonsense transformers for automatic knowledge graph construction. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 4762–4779. Association for Computational Linguistics, Florence, July 2019. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/P19-1470. https://aclanthology.org/P19-1470
Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). pp. 4171–4186. Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, June 2019. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-1423, https://aclanthology.org/N19-1423
Ding, H., Riloff, E.: Acquiring knowledge of affective events from blogs using label propagation. In: Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2016)
Ding, H., Riloff, E.: Weakly supervised induction of affective events by optimizing semantic consistency. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 32(1), April 2018. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v32i1.12061. https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/12061
Goyal, A., Riloff, E., Daumé III, H.: Automatically producing plot unit representations for narrative text. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 77–86. Association for Computational Linguistics, Cambridge, October 2010. https://aclanthology.org/D10-1008
Hwang, J.D., et al.: (comet-) atomic 2020: on symbolic and neural commonsense knowledge graphs. In: Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2021, Thirty-Third Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, IAAI 2021, The Eleventh Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence, EAAI 2021, Virtual Event, 2–9 February, 2021, pp. 6384–6392. AAAI Press (2021). https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/16792
Lewis, M., et al.: BART: denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 7871–7880. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, July 2020. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.703. https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.703
Li, J., Ritter, A., Cardie, C., Hovy, E.: Major life event extraction from Twitter based on congratulations/condolences speech acts. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1997–2007. Association for Computational Linguistics, Doha, Qatar, October 2014. https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/D14-1214. https://aclanthology.org/D14-1214
Li, Q., Li, P., Ren, Z., Ren, P., Chen, Z.: Knowledge bridging for empathetic dialogue generation. In: Thirty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2022, Thirty-Fourth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, IAAI 2022, The Twelveth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence, EAAI 2022 Virtual Event, 22 February–1 March 2022, pp. 10993–11001. AAAI Press (2022), https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/21347
Liao, J., Wang, M., Chen, X., Wang, S., Zhang, K.: Dynamic commonsense knowledge fused method for Chinese implicit sentiment analysis. Inf. Process. Manag. 59(3), 102934 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2022.102934
Liu, L., Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhou, X., Zhou, X.: Filling the gap of utterance-aware and speaker-aware representation for multi-turn dialogue. In: Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2021, Thirty-Third Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, IAAI 2021, The Eleventh Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence, EAAI 2021, Virtual Event, 2–9 February, 2021, pp. 13406–13414. AAAI Press (2021). https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/17582
Liu, Y., et al.: Roberta: a robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. CoRR abs/1907.11692 (2019). http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692
Mohammad, S.: Obtaining reliable human ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance for 20,000 English words. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 174–184. Association for Computational Linguistics, Melbourne, July 2018. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/P18-1017. https://aclanthology.org/P18-1017
Oh, J.H., et al.: Why question answering using sentiment analysis and word classes. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 368–378. Association for Computational Linguistics, Jeju Island, Korea, July 2012. https://aclanthology.org/D12-1034
Peng, W., Hu, Y., Xing, L., Xie, Y., Sun, Y., Li, Y.: Control globally, understand locally: A global-to-local hierarchical graph network for emotional support conversation. In: Raedt, L.D. (ed.) Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-22, pp. 4324–4330. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, July 2022. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/600. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/600 main Track
Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., Sutskever, I., et al.: Improving language understanding by generative pre-training (2018). https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/openai-assets/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf
Sabour, S., Zheng, C., Huang, M.: Cem: Commonsense-aware empathetic response generation. In: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2021)
Saito, J., Murawaki, Y., Kurohashi, S.: Minimally supervised learning of affective events using discourse relations. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pp. 5758–5765. Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong Kong, November 2019. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1581. https://aclanthology.org/D19-1581
Sap, M., et al.: Atomic: an atlas of machine commonsense for if-then reasoning. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, pp. 3027–3035 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013027. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013027
Schlichtkrull, M., Kipf, T.N., Bloem, P., van den Berg, R., Titov, I., Welling, M.: Modeling relational data with graph convolutional networks. In: Gangemi, A., et al. (eds.) ESWC 2018. LNCS, vol. 10843, pp. 593–607. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93417-4_38
Shi, W., Yu, Z.: Sentiment adaptive end-to-end dialog systems. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 1509–1519. Association for Computational Linguistics, Melbourne, July 2018. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/P18-1140. https://aclanthology.org/P18-1140
Speer, R., Chin, J., Havasi, C.: Conceptnet 5.5: an open multilingual graph of general knowledge. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 4–9 February, 2017, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 4444–4451. AAAI Press (2017). http://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI17/paper/view/14972
Turcan, E., Wang, S., Anubhai, R., Bhattacharjee, K., Al-Onaizan, Y., Muresan, S.: Multi-task learning and adapted knowledge models for emotion-cause extraction. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, pp. 3975–3989. Association for Computational Linguistics, August 2021. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.348. https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.348
Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017(December), pp. 4–9, 2017. Long Beach, CA, USA, pp. 5998–6008 (2017). https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2017/hash/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Abstract.html
Vu, H.T., Neubig, G., Sakti, S., Toda, T., Nakamura, S.: Acquiring a dictionary of emotion-provoking events. In: Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, volume 2: Short Papers, pp. 128–132. Association for Computational Linguistics, Gothenburg, April 2014. https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/E14-4025. https://aclanthology.org/E14-4025
Xu, M., Wang, D., Feng, S., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y.: KC-ISA: an implicit sentiment analysis model combining knowledge enhancement and context features. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 6906–6915. International Committee on Computational Linguistics, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, October 2022. https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.601
Xu, R., et al.: ECO v1: towards event-centric opinion mining. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022, pp. 2743–2753. Association for Computational Linguistics, Dublin, Ireland, May 2022. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.216. https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-acl.216
Zhao, W., Zhao, Y., Lu, X.: Cauain: Causal aware interaction network for emotion recognition in conversations. In: Raedt, L.D. (ed.) Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-22, pp. 4524–4530. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, June 2022. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/628. https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/628. main Track
Zhong, P., Wang, D., Miao, C.: Knowledge-enriched transformer for emotion detection in textual conversations. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pp. 165–176. Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong Kong, November 2019. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1016. https://aclanthology.org/D19-1016
Zhou, D., Wang, J., Zhang, L., He, Y.: Implicit sentiment analysis with event-centered text representation. In: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 6884–6893. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, November 2021. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.551. https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.551
Zhuang, Y., Jiang, T., Riloff, E.: Affective event classification with discourse-enhanced self-training. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 5608–5617. Association for Computational Linguistics, November 2020. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.452. https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.452
Acknowledgements
We thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Key RD Program of China via grant 2021YFF0901602 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) via grant 62176078.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yi, W., Zhao, Y., Yuan, J., Zhao, W., Qin, B. (2023). Improving Affective Event Classification with Multi-perspective Knowledge Injection. In: Sun, M., et al. Chinese Computational Linguistics. CCL 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 14232. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6207-5_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6207-5_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6206-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6207-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)