Abstract
Vision is one of the crucial senses and is the birthright of every human being. Its impairment or loss leads to various difficulties. Blind and Visually Impaired (BVI) people find it tough to maneuver outdoors daily. Even though the market is laden with countless aids for BVI people, there is still a lot to be achieved. The idea of every new research in the market is to assist these individuals in any possible way. Individuals deprived of vision require numerous reliable methods to overcome these barriers. Also, with the advent of science and technology, there is nothing that a human being can’t do. Researchers and manufacturers are coming up with new inventions and tech gadgets now and then. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, vgg16 and vgg19, are used along with the self-created dataset involving two classes: roads and crosswalks, which underwent the ML procedures resulting in the accurate detection of the respective classes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Who.int (2022) Vision impairment and blindness. [online]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment#:%7E:text=Globally%2C%20at%20least%202.2%20billion,uncorrected%20refractive%20errors%20and%20cataracts. Accessed 17 May 2022
Contributor T (2018b) Convolutional neural network. SearchEnterpriseAI. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/convolutional-neural-network#:%7E:text=CNNs%20are%20powerful%20image%20processing,natural%20language%20processing%20(NLP. Accessed 9 Sep 2022
Wei J VGG neural networks: the next step after alexNet. https://towardsdatascience.com/vgg-neural-networks-the-next-step-after-alexnet-3f91fa9ffe2c
GeeksforGeeks (2022b) VGG-16|CNN model. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/vgg-16-cnn-model/. Accessed 9 Sep 2022
VGG-19 convolutional neural network-MATLAB vgg19-mathworks United Kingdom (n.d.). https://uk.mathworks.com/help/deeplearning/ref/vgg19.html;jsessionid=2fac10e45795a23fce5e37733563#:%7E:text=VGG%2D19%20is%20a%20convolutional,%2C%20pencil%2C%20and%20many%20animals. Accessed 9 Sep 2022
Boesch G VGG very deep convolutional networks (VGGNet)-what you need to know-viso.ai. https://viso.ai/deep-learning/vgg-very-deep-convolutional-networks/#:%7E:text=The%20concept%20of%20the%20VGG19,more%20convolutional%20layers%20than%20VGG16
Shin K, McConville R, Metatla O, Chang M, Han C, Lee J, Roudaut A (2022) Outdoor localization using BLE RSSI and accessible Pedestrian signals for the visually impaired at intersections. Sensors 22(1):371. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010371
Plikynas D, Indriulionis A, Laukaitis A, Sakalauskas L (2022) Indoor-guided navigation for people who are blind: crowdsourcing for route mapping and assistance. Appl Sci 12(1):523. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010523
Zhao Y, Kupferstein E, Castro BV, Feiner S, Azenkot S (2019) Designing AR visualizations to facilitate stair navigation for people with low vision. In: UIST ’19: proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology. New Orleans, LA USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347906
Min Htike H, Margrain TH, Lai YK, Eslambolchilar P (2021) Augmented reality glasses as an orientation and mobility aid for people with low vision: a feasibility study of experiences and requirements. In: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445327
Croce D, Giarre L, Pascucci F, Tinnirello I, Galioto GE, Garlisi D, lo Valvo A (2019) An indoor and outdoor navigation system for visually impaired people. IEEE Access 7:170406−170418. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2955046
Paiva S, Lima A, Mendes D (2018) Outdoor navigation systems to promote urban mobility to aid visually impaired people. J Inf Syst Eng & Manag 3(2). https://doi.org/10.20897/jisem.201814
Velázquez R, Pissaloux E, Rodrigo P, Carrasco M, Giannoccaro N, Lay-Ekuakille A (2018) An outdoor navigation system for blind pedestrians using GPS and tactile-foot feedback. Appl Sci 8(4):578. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8040578
Ran L, Helal S, Moore S (2004) Drishti: an integrated indoor/outdoor blind navigation system and service. In: Second IEEE annual conference on pervasive computing and communications, 2004. Proceedings of the, 2004. pp 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2004.1276842
Zhao Y, Kupferstein E, Tal D, Azenkot S (2018) “It looks beautiful but scary.” In: Proceedings of the 20th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility. https://doi.org/10.1145/3234695.3236359
Alghamdi S, van Schyndel R, Khalil I (2014) Accurate positioning using long range active RFID technology to assist visually impaired people. J Netw Comput Appl 41:135–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2013.10.015
Bilal Salih HE, Takeda K, Kobayashi H, Kakizawa T, Kawamoto M, Zempo K (2022) Use of auditory cues and other strategies as sources of spatial information for people with visual impairment when navigating unfamiliar environments. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(6):3151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063151
Crosswalk-dataset (2020) Elias Teodoro da Silva Junior, Fausto Sampaio, Lucas Costa da Silva, David Silva Medeiros, Gustavo Pinheiro Correia. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/davidsilvam/crosswalkdataset
Unsplash. (n.d.-a). 100+ Roads Pictures [HD] | Download free images on Unsplash. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/s/photos/roads
Team K Keras documentation: Callbacks API. https://keras.io/api/callbacks/#:%7E:text=A%20callback%20is%20an%20obje
Dwivedi R (2021) Beginners guide to Keras callBacks, modelCheckpoint and EarlyStopping in deep learning. Analytics India Magazine. https://analyticsindiamag.com/tutorial-on-keras-callbacks-modelcheckpoint-and-earlystopping-in-deep-learning/. Accessed 25 May 2022
Team K (n.d) Keras documentation: earlyStopping. Keras. https://keras.io/api/callbacks/early_stopping/. Accessed 25 May 2022
Early stopping of deep learning experiments | Peltarion Platform (n.d) Peltarion. https://peltarion.com/knowledge-center/documentation/modeling-view/run-a-model/early-stopping. Accessed 25 May 2022
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
S Shrivastava, R., Singhal, A., Chandna, S. (2023). Towards Helping Visually Impaired People to Navigate Outdoor. In: Unhelkar, B., Pandey, H.M., Agrawal, A.P., Choudhary, A. (eds) Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning. ICAAAIML 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1078. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5974-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5974-7_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-5973-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-5974-7
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)