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Omics-Based Approaches in Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Pearl Millet

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Pearl Millet in the 21st Century

Abstract

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br), a climate-resilient Nutri-cereal grown primarily in Africa and South Asia’s arid and semi-arid regions, is well adapted to adverse abiotic stresses such as drought and heat. Drought stress is an abiotic disaster that impacts yield and productivity globally. Plants have adapted pathways to survive under stress, but the advent of a new omics-based approach encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is critical for developing tolerant varieties. Acknowledging plant responses at different organizational levels, such as growth, physiology, metabolites (metabolomics), proteins (proteomics), and genes (genomics), will enable us to devise strategies for designing drought-tolerant crops. Understanding crop responses, particularly at the “omics” level, will improve the quality and significance of the biological information deduced to develop stress-resistant cultivars. This chapter entails the latest information about how drought stress affects various traits involving growth, physiology, genes, proteins, and metabolites in pearl millet and how we can develop drought-resistant varieties using these omics-based approaches.

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Abbreviations

2 DE:

2 dimensional gel electrophoresis

2D-DIGE :

2 dimensional difference gel electrophoresis

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

DEG:

Differentially expressed genes

DEP :

Differentially expressed proteins

ELISA :

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ESTs:

Expressed sequence tags

FTIR :

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

GHI:

Global Hunger Index

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

iTRAQ:

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation

LCMS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

MALDI TOF :

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight

MAPK :

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NFHS-5 :

National Family Health Survey 5

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PMF:

Peptide mass fingerprinting

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

SCRNA :

Single-cell ribonucleic acid

SELDI :

Surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SSH:

Suppression subtractive hybridization

SSR :

Single sequence repeats

WGS :

Whole genome sequence

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Correspondence to Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu .

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© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Singh, S., Chakraborty, A., Viswanath, A., Malipatil, R., Thirunavukkarasu, N. (2024). Omics-Based Approaches in Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Pearl Millet. In: Tonapi, V.A., Thirunavukkarasu, N., Gupta, S., Gangashetty, P.I., Yadav, O. (eds) Pearl Millet in the 21st Century. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5890-0_8

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