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Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infections in Lung Disease and Medical Interventions

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Diagnosis of Mycobacterium

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Abstract

Infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is on the rise all across the world. Lung disease due to NTM is more prevalent and frequent and is increasingly recognized worldwide. Primarily because approximately 200 different species of NTM have been identified, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) and Mycobacterium kanasii are mostly responsible for lung infections. Nontuberculous mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens that harm humans with underlying lung disease or weak immune systems, although anyone can get an NTM infection. There are three main patient groups that are more susceptible to getting NTM lung disease: those with immunologic diseases or suspected genetic conditions that increase the risk of developing bronchiectasis and/or lung infections; those with anatomic lung abnormalities; and people with no significant lung or immunological issues. Previously, it was supposed that NTM transmissions between individuals were physically impossible. Recent research has shown that this is actually feasible. Two different types of NTM lung disease appear rapidly progressive cavitary disease and less severe nodular bronchiectasis. Diagnosis method is different for rapid growing and slow growing NTM. Molecular techniques have replaced traditional biochemical testing. The treatment of NTM disorders requires long-term, targeted antibiotic medication. However, determining the most effective course of action and length of therapy is difficult given the present limitations of prospective, controlled, and randomized treatment studies. Due to the lack of prospective, controlled, and randomized treatment studies, determining the optimal treatment plans and durations for NTM disorders is difficult. This article summarizes the current understanding of NTM lung illness and treatment options.

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  1. Department of Zoology, Advanced Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell in Cutaneous Research (AcREM-Stem), University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Anjana Suresh, Gayathri S. Kamath, Fidha Latheef, Greeshma Sasikumar & Sreejith Parameswara Panicker

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Suresh, A., Kamath, G.S., Latheef, F., Sasikumar, G., Panicker, S.P. (2023). Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infections in Lung Disease and Medical Interventions. In: Singh, A., Sharma, D. (eds) Diagnosis of Mycobacterium. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5624-1_13

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