Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria are two different diseases but both lead to serious crisis in public health in Africa. These two distinct diseases are caused by different pathogens, i.e., viruses and parasites, respectively. However, interestingly, they share some similarities in the symptomatic manifestation. In the past years, a number of studies have been conducted in Africa for proposing medicinal plants that have potential roles in COVID-19 management. Among them, some have a strong correlation with those that have been used against malaria when compared. The most cited botanical families against both diseases are mainly from the Pentapetalae group. For combating malaria, different species of the Artemisia genus have been proposed. One of the most critical bioactive compounds, i.e., artemisinin and its derivatives is evaluated in bioassays and then clinical trials for proving its efficacy. Additionally, some secondary metabolites from these plants have shown potential effects against coronavirus, but the mode of action remains to be elucidated in the future.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdallah HM, El-Halawany AM, Darwish KM et al (2022) Bio-guided isolation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors from medicinal plants: in vitro assay and molecular dynamics. Plants (Basel) 11:1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151914
Abdelli I, Hassani F, Bekkel Brikci S, Ghalem S (2021) In silico study the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor of COVID-19 by Ammoides verticillata components harvested from Western Algeria. J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:3263–3276. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1763199
Adeleye OA, Femi-Oyewo MN, Bamiro OA et al (2021) Ethnomedicinal herbs in African traditional medicine with potential activity for the prevention, treatment, and management of coronavirus disease 2019. Future J Pharm Sci 7:72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00223-5
Agbor GA, Ndjib R (2021) Systematic review of plants used against respiratory diseases related to COVID-19 in Africa. J Drug Deliv Ther 11:141–153. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4-S.4957
Asase A, Oteng-Yeboah AA, Odamtten GT, Simmonds MSJ (2005) Ethnobotanical study of some Ghanaian anti-malarial plants. J Ethnopharmacol 99:273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.020
Asowata-Ayodele AM, Afolayan AJ, Otunola GA (2016) Ethnobotanical survey of culinary herbs and spices used in the traditional medicinal system of Nkonkobe municipality, eastern cape, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 104:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.01.001
Ayati Z, Ramezani M, Amiri MS et al (2019) Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and traditional uses of curcuma spp. and pharmacological profile of two important species (C. longa and C. zedoaria): a review. Curr Pharm Des 25:871–935. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190402163940
Bejon P, Lusingu J, Olotu A et al (2008) Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E vaccine against malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age. N Engl J Med 359:2521–2532. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0807381
Belmouhoub M, Aberkane B, Bey MB (2021) Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used by Algerian population to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ethnobot Res Appl 22:1–13
Benkhaira N, Koraichi SI, Fikri-Benbrahim K (2021) Ethnobotanical survey on plants used by traditional healers to fight against COVID-19 in fez city, Northern Morocco. Ethnobot Res Appl 21:1–18
Beressa TB, Deyno S, Mtewa AG et al (2021) Potential benefits of antiviral African medicinal plants in the management of viral infections: systematic review. Front Pharmacol 12:682794
Bhattacharya A, Tiwari P, Sahu PK, Kumar S (2018) A review of the phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of Moringa oleifera. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 10:181. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_126_18
Borkotoky S, Banerjee M (2021) A computational prediction of SARS-CoV-2 structural protein inhibitors from Azadirachta indica (neem). J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:4111–4121. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1774419
Borquaye LS, Gasu EN, Ampomah GB et al (2020) Alkaloids from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins: an in silico study. Biomed Res Int 2020:e5324560. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5324560
Bouchentouf S, Missoum N (2020) Identification of compounds from nigella sativa as new potential inhibitors of 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): molecular docking study. Chemistry
Boughendjioua H, Aiouaz S, Medkour L, et al (2022) Chemical composition (a new chemotype) of Algerian Mugwort (Artemisia Herba-Alba Asso) essential oil and his possible potential against COVID-19
Brahmi F, Iblhoulen Y, Issaadi H et al (2022) Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants of Bejaia localities from Algeria to prevent and treat coronavirus (COVID-19) infection shortened title: phytomedicine to manage COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Tradit Med (ADTM). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-022-00649-z
Brunetti L, Diawara O, Tsai A et al (2020) Colchicine to weather the cytokine storm in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Clin Med 9:2961. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092961
Chanderbali AS, Berger BA, Howarth DG et al (2017) Evolution of floral diversity: genomics, genes and gamma. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 372:20150509. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0509
Chebaibi M, Bousta D, Bourhia M et al (2022) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against COVID-19. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022:e2085297. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2085297
Chen C-N, Lin CPC, Huang K-K et al (2005) (NaN/NaN/NaN) inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like protease activity by theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2:209–215. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh081
Coria-Téllez AV, Montalvo-Gónzalez E, Yahia EM, Obledo-Vázquez EN (2018) Annona muricata: a comprehensive review on its traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. Arab J Chem 11:662–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.01.004
Costanzo M, Giglio MARD, Roviello GN (2020) SARS-CoV-2: recent reports on antiviral therapies based on lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir/umifenovir, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir and other drugs for the treatment of the new coronavirus. Curr Med Chem 27:4536–4541. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200416131117
da Silva JKR, Figueiredo PLB, Byler KG, Setzer WN (2020) Essential oils as antiviral agents, potential of essential oils to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection: an in-silico investigation. Int J Mol Sci 21:3426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103426
Das S, Sarmah S, Lyndem S, Singha Roy A (2021) An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:3347–3357. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1763201
Deftereos SG, Giannopoulos G, Vrachatis DA et al (2020) Effect of colchicine vs standard care on cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: the GRECCO-19 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 3:e2013136. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13136
Diarra N, van’t Klooster C, Togola A et al (2015) Ethnobotanical study of plants used against malaria in Sélingué subdistrict, Mali. J Ethnopharmacol 166:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.054
Dike IP, Obembe OO, Adebiyi FE (2012) Ethnobotanical survey for potential anti-malarial plants in South-Western Nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol 144:618–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.002
Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E et al (2000) A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–9. Circ Res 87:e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.87.5.e1
Ekene ENE, Erhirhie EO (2014) Garcinia kola: a review of its ethnomedicinal, chemical and pharmacological properties. Int J Cur Res Rev 6:1–7
Elmi A, Sayem SA-J, Ahmed M, Abdoul-Latif F (2020a) Natural compounds from Djiboutian medicinal plants as inhibitors of covid-19 by in silico investigations. Int J Curr Pharm Res 1:52–57. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i4.39051
Elmi A, Sayem SA-J, Ahmed M, Abdoul-Latif F (2020b) Natural compounds from Djiboutian medicinal plants as inhibitors of COVID-19 by in silico investigations. Int J Curr Pharm Sci 1:52–57. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i4.39051
Elmi A, Mohamed AS, Siddiqui N et al (2021) Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 from Artemisia annua compounds by in silico evaluation and their density functional theory (DFT). J Drug Deliv Ther 11:71–82. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1-s.4702
El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, El-Mleeh A et al (2020) Traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents, and pharmacological and toxicological activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules 10:352. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10030352
Elzupir AO (2022) Caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 40:2113–2120. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1835732
Erukainure OL, Atolani O, Muhammad A et al (2022) Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae). J Biomol Struct Dyn 40:2475–2488. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1840439
Fisher D, Heymann D (2020) Q&A: the novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19. BMC Med 18:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01533-w
Fouedjou RT, Chtita S, Bakhouch M et al (2021) Cameroonian medicinal plants as potential candidates of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2021.1914170
Garg S, Roy A (2020) In silico analysis of selected alkaloids against main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Chem Biol Interact 332:109309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109309
Gemmati D, Tisato V (2020) Genetic hypothesis and pharmacogenetics side of renin-angiotensin-system in COVID-19. Genes 11:1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11091044
Gemmati D, Bramanti B, Serino ML et al (2020) COVID-19 and individual genetic susceptibility/receptivity: role of ACE1/ACE2 genes, immunity, inflammation and coagulation. Might the double X-chromosome in females be protective against SARS-CoV-2 compared to the single X-chromosome in males? Int J Mol Sci 21:3474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103474
Ghosh R, Chakraborty A, Biswas A, Chowdhuri S (2021) Evaluation of green tea polyphenols as novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors—an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:4362–4374. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1779818
Glinsky GV (2020) Tripartite combination of candidate pandemic mitigation agents: vitamin D, quercetin, and Estradiol manifest properties of medicinal agents for targeted mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic defined by genomics-guided tracing of SARS-CoV-2 targets in human cells. Biomedicine 8:129. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050129
Gonzalez BL, de Oliveira NC, Ritter MR et al (2022) The naturally-derived alkaloids as a potential treatment for COVID-19: a scoping review. Phytother Res 36:2686–2709. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7442
Gurung AB, Ali MA, Lee J et al (2020) Unravelling lead antiviral phytochemicals for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme through in silico approach. Life Sci 255:117831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117831
Gutiérrez RMP, Mitchell S, Solis RV (2008) Psidium guajava: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 117:1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025
Gyebi GA, Ogunro OB, Adegunloye AP et al (2021) Potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro): an in silico screening of alkaloids and terpenoids from African medicinal plants. J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:3396–3408. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1764868
Gyebi GA, Adegunloye AP, Ibrahim IM et al (2022) Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry: insight from in silico interaction of drug-like alkaloids with spike glycoprotein, human ACE2, and TMPRSS2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 40:2121–2145. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1835726
Hamdani FZ, Houari N (2020) Phytothérapie et COVID-19. Une étude fondée sur une enquête dans le nord de l’Algérie. Phytothérapie 18:248–254. https://doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2020-0241
Ho T-Y, Wu S-L, Chen J-C et al (2007) Emodin blocks the SARS coronavirus spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interaction. Antivir Res 74:92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.014
Ismail EMOA, Shantier SW, Mohammed MS et al (2021) Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids against COVID-19: an in silico multitarget approach. J Chem 2021:e3613268. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3613268
Iwu MM (2013) Handbook of African medicinal plants, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Jeje TO, Ibraheem O, Brai BI, Ibukun EO (2016) Pharmacological potential of asthma weed ( Euphorbia hirta ) extract toward eradication of plasmodium berghei in infected albino. Int J Toxicol Pharmacol Res 8:130–137
Jomah S, Asdaq SMB, Al-Yamani MJ (2020) Clinical efficacy of antivirals against novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a review. J Infect Public Health 13:1187–1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.013
Koshak DAE, Koshak PEA (2020) Nigella sativa L as a potential phytotherapy for coronavirus disease 2019: a mini review of in silico studies. Curr Ther Res 93:100602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100602
Kumar VS, Navaratnam V (2013) Neem (Azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3:505–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60105-7
Kumar N, Awasthi A, Kumari A et al (2022) Antitussive noscapine and antiviral drug conjugates as arsenal against COVID-19: a comprehensive chemoinformatics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 40:101–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1808072
Laksmiani NPL, Larasanty LPF, Santika AAGJ et al (2020) Active compounds activity from the medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 using in silico assay. Biomed Pharm J 13:873–881
Letunic I, Bork P (2021) Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 49:W293–W296. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab301
Li G, Yuan M, Li H et al (2021) Safety and efficacy of artemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of COVID-19: an open-label, non-randomised and controlled trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents 57:106216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106216
Lim XY, Teh BP, Tan TYC (2021) Medicinal plants in COVID-19: potential and limitations. Front Pharmacol 12:611408
Lin C-W, Tsai F-J, Tsai C-H et al (2005) Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds. Antivir Res 68:36–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.07.002
Liu Y, Ye Q (2022) Safety and efficacy of the common vaccines against COVID-19. Vaccine 10:513. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040513
Liu Z, Ying Y (2020) The inhibitory effect of curcumin on virus-induced cytokine storm and its potential use in the associated severe pneumonia. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:479
Llivisaca-Contreras SA, Naranjo-Morán J, Pino-Acosta A et al (2021) Plants and natural products with activity against various types of coronaviruses: a review with focus on SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 26:4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134099
Lopes MI, Bonjorno LP, Giannini MC et al (2021) Beneficial effects of colchicine for moderate to severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. RMD Open 7:e001455. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001455
Manenti L, Maggiore U, Fiaccadori E et al (2021) Reduced mortality in COVID-19 patients treated with colchicine: results from a retrospective, observational study. PLoS One 16:e0248276. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248276
Manuel L, Bechel A, Noormahomed EV et al (2020) Ethnobotanical study of plants used by the traditional healers to treat malaria in Mogovolas district, Northern Mozambique. Heliyon 6:e05746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05746
Manya MH, Keymeulen F, Ngezahayo J et al (2020) Antimalarial herbal remedies of Bukavu and Uvira areas in DR Congo: an ethnobotanical survey. J Ethnopharmacol 249:112422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112422
Mao Q-Q, Xu X-Y, Cao S-Y et al (2019) Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe). Foods 8:185. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8060185
Mareev VY, Orlova YA, Plisyk AG et al (2021) Proactive anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine in the treatment of advanced stages of new coronavirus infection. The first results of the COLORIT study. Kardiologiia 61:15–27. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.2.n1560
More G, Lall N, Hussein A, Tshikalange TE (2012) Antimicrobial constituents of Artemisia afra Jacq. Ex Willd. Against periodontal pathogens. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:e252758. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/252758
Murck H (2020) Symptomatic protective action of glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 infection? Front Immunol 11:1239
Najem M, Ibijbijen J, Nassiri L (2022) Phytotherapy in response to COVID-19 and risks of intoxication: a field study in the city of Meknes (Morocco). J Pharm Pharm Res 10:357–386. https://doi.org/10.56499/jppres21.1257_10.3.357
Narkhede RR, Pise AV, Cheke RS, Shinde SD (2020) Recognition of natural products as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 Main protease (Mpro): in-silico evidences. Nat Prod Bioprospect 10:297–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00253-1
Nguyen TTH, Woo H-J, Kang H-K et al (2012) Flavonoid-mediated inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease expressed in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 34:831–838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-011-0845-8
Nie C, Trimpert J, Moon S et al (2021) In vitro efficacy of Artemisia extracts against SARS-CoV-2. Virol J 18:182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01651-8
Odoh UE, Akwuaka CI (2012) Pharmacognostic profile of root of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (lindl.) Schlechter. Pharm J 4:40–44. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2012.28.8
Odugbemi TO, Akinsulire OR, Aibinu IE, Fabeku PO (2007) Medicinal plants useful for malaria therapy in Okeigbo, Ondo state, Southwest Nigeria. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 4:191–198
Oladeji OS, Oluyori AP, Bankole DT, Afolabi TY (2020) Natural products as sources of antimalarial drugs: ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies. Scientifica 2020:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7076139
Opio D, Andama E, Kureh G (2018) Ethnobotanical survey of antimalarial plants in areas of: Abukamola, Angeta, Oculokori and Omarari of Alebtong District in Northern Uganda. EJMP 21:1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2017/38043
Orch H, Benkhnigue O, Zidane L, Douira A (2020) Treatment of urinary treatment of urolithiasis: ethnobotanical study of plants used by the population bordering the forest of IzarèneLithiasis: ethnobotanical study of plants used by the population bordering the forest of Izarène. Ethnobot Res Appl 19:1–15
Osafo N, Mensah KB, Yeboah OK (2017) Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schlechter. Adv Pharmacol Pharmacol Sci 2017:e3026370. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3026370
Oyebamiji AK, Oladipo EK, Olotu TM et al (2020) In-vitro investigation on selected compounds in Annona Muricata seed: a potential SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase inhibitors down regulating 2019-nCoV. Int J Trad Nat Med 10:13–25
Park J-Y, Yuk HJ, Ryu HW et al (2017) Evaluation of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as coronavirus protease inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 32:504–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1265519
Prasad A, Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M (2020) Synergistic antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 by plant-based molecules. Plant Cell Rep 39:1109–1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02560-w
Qiao Z, Zhang H, Ji H-F, Chen Q (2020) Computational view toward the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and the 3CL protease. Computation 8:53. https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020053
Quimque MTJ, Notarte KIR, Fernandez RAT et al (2021) Virtual screening-driven drug discovery of SARS-CoV2 enzyme inhibitors targeting viral attachment, replication, post-translational modification and host immunity evasion infection mechanisms. J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:4316–4333. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1776639
Rahman MT (2020) Potential benefits of combination of Nigella sativa and Zn supplements to treat COVID-19. J Herb Med 23:100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100382
Rakotosaona R, Mioramalal SA et al (2022) Efficacy and safety of CVO PLUS CURATIF capsules, Malagasy improved traditional medication for treating COVID-19: a randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Clin Biomed Res 06:1. https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170295
Randrianarivo S, Rasolohery C, Rafanomezantsoa S et al (2021) (−)-6-epi-artemisinin, a natural stereoisomer of (+)-artemisinin in the opposite enantiomeric series, from the endemic Madagascar plant Saldinia proboscidea, an atypical source. Molecules 26:5540. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185540
Ren P, Shang W, Yin W et al (2022) A multi-targeting drug design strategy for identifying potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 43:483–493. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00668-7
Roger T, Pierre-Marie M, Igor VK, Patrick VD (2015) Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of medicinal plants used to treat typhoid fever in Bamboutos division, West Cameroon. J App Pharm Sci 5:034–049. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.50606
Salima D, Radia D, Nesrine H, Karima M (2022) Ethnobotanical study on the use of medicinal plants with antiviral interest, case of sars-cov-19, in the region of Seraidi (Annaba, north-east Algeria). Plant Archives 22:184–192. https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2022.v22.no2.033
Sampangi-Ramaiah MH, Vishwakarma R, Shaanker RU (2020) Molecular docking analysis of selected natural products from plants for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Curr Sci 118:1087
Saraiva VB, de Silva LS, Ferreira-DaSilva CT et al (2011) Impairment of the plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle induced by angiotensin peptides. PLoS One 6:e17174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017174
Schwarz S, Sauter D, Wang K et al (2014) Kaempferol derivatives as antiviral drugs against the 3a channel protein of coronavirus. Planta Med 80:177–182. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1360277
Seanego CT, Ndip RN (2012) Identification and antibacterial evaluation of bioactive compounds from Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds. Molecules 17:6569–6584. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066569
Shaji DD (2020) Computational identification of drug Lead compounds for COVID-19 from moringa oleifera. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12535913.v1
Sharma V, Chaudhary U (2015) An overview on indigenous knowledge of Achyranthes aspera. J Crit Rev 2:13. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.02.01.03
Sharma A, Ahmad Farouk I, Lal SK (2021) COVID-19: a review on the novel coronavirus disease evolution, transmission, detection, control and prevention. Viruses 13:202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020202
Singh S, Florez H (2020) Bioinformatic study to discover natural molecules with activity against COVID-19. F1000Res 9:1203. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26731.1
Sinha SK, Shakya A, Prasad SK et al (2021) An in-silico evaluation of different Saikosaponins for their potency against SARS-CoV-2 using NSP15 and fusion spike glycoprotein as targets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 39:3244–3255. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1762741
Sisakht M, Mahmoodzadeh A, Darabian M (2021) Plant-derived chemicals as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (6LU7), a virtual screening study. Phytother Res 35:3262–3274. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7041
Sommerstein R, Kochen MM, Messerli FH, Gräni C (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): do angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers have a biphasic effect? J Am Heart Assoc 9:e016509. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.016509
Stewart JA, Lazartigues E, Lucchesi PA (2008) The angiotensin converting enzyme 2/ang-(1-7) axis in the heart. Circ Res 103:1197–1199. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.189068
Su H, Yao S, Zhao W et al (2020) Discovery of baicalin and baicalein as novel, natural product inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease in vitro. Mol Biol
Sumitha A, Brindha Devi P, Hari S, Dhanasekaran R (2020) COVID-19—In silico structure prediction and molecular docking studies with doxycycline and quinine. Biomed Pharmacol J 13:1185–1193. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1986
Talapko J, Škrlec I, Alebić T et al (2019) Malaria: the past and the present. Microorganisms 7:179. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060179
Taoheed AA, Tolulope AA, Saidu AB et al (2017) Phytochemical Properties, proximate and mineral composition of Curcuma longa Linn. And Zingiber officinale Rosc.: a comparative study. J Sci Res Rep 13:1–7. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2017/32623
Tardif J-C, Bouabdallaoui N, L’Allier PL et al (2021) Colchicine for community-treated patients with COVID-19 (COLCORONA): a phase 3, randomised, double-blinded, adaptive, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Respir Med 9:924–932. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00222-8
Tegen D, Dessie K, Damtie D (2021) Candidate anti-COVID-19 medicinal plants from Ethiopia: a review of plants traditionally used to treat viral diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021:e6622410. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6622410
ter Ellen BM, Kumar ND, Bouma EM et al (2020) Resveratrol and pterostilbene potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Microbiology
Thuy BTP, My TTA, Hai NTT et al (2020) Investigation into SARS-CoV-2 resistance of compounds in garlic essential oil. ACS Omega 5:8312–8320. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00772
Tijani KB, Alfa AA, Sezor AA (2019) Studies on phytochemical, nutraceutical profiles and potential medicinal values of Allium sativum Linn (Liliaceae) on bacterial meningitis. Int Neuropsych Dis J 13:1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2019/v13i230105
Trivedi GN, Karlekar JT, Dhameliya HA, Panchal H (2020) A review on the novel coronavirus disease based on in-silico analysis of various drugs and target proteins. J Pure Appl Microbiol 14:849–860. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.22
Trotter RT, Logan MH (1986) Informant consensus: a new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants. In: Plants and Indigenous medicine and diet, 1st edn. Routledge, New York, NY, p 22
Tsai Y-C, Lee C-L, Yen H-R et al (2020) Antiviral action of tryptanthrin isolated from Strobilanthes cusia leaf against human coronavirus NL63. Biomol Ther 10:366. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10030366
Verma S, Abbas M, Verma S et al (2021) Impact of I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene on the severity of COVID-19 patients. Infect Genet Evol 91:104801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104801
Vroh BTA (2020) Diversity of plants used in traditional medicine against the main symptoms of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: review of the literature. Ethnobot Res Appl 20:1–14
Wen C-C, Kuo Y-H, Jan J-T et al (2007) Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Med Chem 50:4087–4095. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm070295s
WHO (2021) World malaria report 2021. World Health Organization, Geneva
World Health Organization (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. World Health Organization, Geneva
Xuan TD, Tsuzuki E, Hiroyuki T et al (2004) Evaluation on phytotoxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica. A. Juss) to crops and weeds. Crop Prot 23:335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2003.09.004
Yan R, Zhang Y, Li Y et al (2020) Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2. Science 367:1444–1448. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2762
Yetein MH, Houessou LG, Lougbégnon TO et al (2013) Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in plateau of Allada, Benin (West Africa). J Ethnopharmacol 146:154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.022
Zahedipour F, Hosseini SA, Sathyapalan T et al (2020) Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Phytother Res 34:2911–2920. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6738
Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J et al (2020a) Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discov 6:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3
Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G et al (2020b) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579:270–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
Zhou Y, Gilmore K, Ramirez S et al (2021) In vitro efficacy of artemisinin-based treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 11:14571. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93361-y
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elmi, A., Mohamed, A.S., Said, S., Bationo, R. (2023). A Comparison Study of Medicinal Plants Used Against SARS-CoV-2 and Those Recommended Against Malaria in Africa. In: Chen, JT. (eds) Ethnopharmacology and Drug Discovery for COVID-19: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents from Herbal Medicines and Natural Products. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3664-9_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3664-9_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-3663-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-3664-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)