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Osteochondral Unit Approach for Articular Cartilage Regeneration

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Cartilage: From Biology to Biofabrication

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Abstract

It is of great challenge to repair and regenerate osteochondral defects (OCDs) as the poor self-healing ability and spatial complexity of osteochondral units. Current non-surgical and surgical treatments for OCDs are unsatisfactory and encounter many limitations, difficulties and risks. Further development of more effective, targeted therapeutic approaches is necessary to repair and regenerate the osteochondral unit. The primary tissue engineering (TE) strategy is to mimic the native osteochondral structure and composition to induce zone-specific tissue regeneration. The fundamental requirements of osteochondral scaffolds are good biocompatibility, bioactivity and surface topography, appropriate biodegradability, adequate mechanical strength and suitable architecture and porosity. By careful selection of biomaterials, traditional TE approaches were adopted for osteochondral regeneration, including cell-free and cell-seeding, cell-based and scaffold-free approaches. With the emerging of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, the hierarchical architecture of the osteochondral unit was precisely mimicked with biphasic, multiphasic and even gradient scaffolds. It is expected that further advancing TE approaches will achieve clinical translation of osteochondral scaffolds without life-long treatment or revision surgeries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Yanli Cai, Soo Wah Gan, Wen Feng Lu & Ching-Chiuan Yen

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Wen Feng Lu

  3. Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Ching-Chiuan Yen

Authors
  1. Yanli Cai
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  2. Soo Wah Gan
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  3. Wen Feng Lu
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  4. Ching-Chiuan Yen
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Correspondence to Ching-Chiuan Yen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran

    Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad

  2. Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran

    Samaneh Hosseini

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Cai, Y., Gan, S.W., Lu, W.F., Yen, CC. (2023). Osteochondral Unit Approach for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. In: Baghaban Eslaminejad, M., Hosseini, S. (eds) Cartilage: From Biology to Biofabrication. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2452-3_16

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