Abstract
Power quality (PQ) is defined as the ability to maintain a pure sinusoidal voltage waveform with the specified amplitude and frequency within the required limit with no changes in shape or magnitude. Both the supply and demand sides are noticing an increase in the importance of power quality. Switching devices are increasingly being used, which inevitably leads to a decline in power quality. At the same time, these devices are also more likely to break down as a result of bad power quality. The primary research focus corresponding to a microgrid is on techniques for detecting and mitigating power quality disturbances. The classification of disturbances can be done in a variety of ways, including by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), fuzzy logic, machine learning, and deep learning. Numerous compensation-based methods, controller-based methods, and optimization-based methods have all been reported for the mitigation of power quality issues. The significant portions of the main developments are techniques based on computational intelligence. In this work, an effort has been made to thoroughly review computational methods for power quality disturbance detection and power quality enhancement using computational intelligence methods.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ANN:
-
Artificial Neural Networks
- MG:
-
Microgrid
- DER:
-
Distributed Energy Resources
- RER:
-
Renewable Energy Resources
- PSO:
-
Particle Swarm Optimization
- ACO:
-
Ant Colony Optimization
- SLDV:
-
Short and Long Duration Variations
- VUF:
-
Voltage Unbalance Factor
- PQD:
-
Power Quality Disturbances
- FFT:
-
Fast Fourier Transform
- PQDC:
-
Power Quality Detection and Classification
- DFT:
-
Discrete Fourier Transform
- STET:
-
Short-Time Fourier Transform
- DTFT:
-
Discrete Time Fourier Transform
- WT:
-
Wavelet Transform
- SPT:
-
Signal Processing Techniques
- ST:
-
Stockwell Transform
- HHT:
-
Hilbert Huang Transform
- HT:
-
Hilbert Transform
- EMD:
-
Empirical Mode Decomposition
- IMF:
-
Intrinsic Mode Functions
- TFR:
-
Time Frequency Representation
- GA:
-
Genetic Algorithm
- SVM:
-
Support Vector Machine
- FL:
-
Fuzzy Logic
References
Kaur S, Dwivedi B (2016) Power quality issues and their mitigation techniques in microgrid system-a review. In: 2016 7th India International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), pp 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/IICPE.2016.8079543
Sen S, Kumar V (2018) Microgrid control: a comprehensive survey. Annu Rev Control 45:118–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.04.012
Srivastava I, Bhat S, Reddy AA (2019) Multi-objective service restoration of radial distribution system in the presence of non-linear loads. Electronics 8:369. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030369
Li P, Yu X, Zhang J, Yin Z (2015) The H∞ control method of grid-tied photovoltaic generation. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6:1670–1677. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2409371
Kumar A, Sharma R (2015) A stable Lyapunov constrained reinforcement learning based neural controller for non linear systems. In: International Conference on Computing, Communication & Automation. IEEE, Greater Noida, India, pp 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAA.2015.7148402
Ali KH, Sigalo M, Das S et al (2021) Reinforcement learning for energy-storage systems in grid-connected microgrids: an investigation of online vs. offline implementation. Energies 14:5688. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185688
Sigalo MB, Pillai AC, Das S, Abusara M (2021) An energy management system for the control of battery storage in a grid-connected microgrid using mixed integer linear programming. Energies 14:6212. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196212
Al-Saedi W, Lachowicz SW, Habibi D, Bass O (2012) Power quality enhancement in autonomous microgrid operation using Particle Swarm Optimization. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 42:139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.04.007
Chitra N, Prabaakaran K, Senthil Kumar A, Munda J (2013) Ant colony optimization adopting control strategies for power quality enhancement in autonomous microgrid. IJCA 63:34–38. https://doi.org/10.5120/10529-5513
Deckmann SM, Ferrira AA (2002) About voltage sags and swells analysis. In: 10th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Proceedings (Cat. No.02EX630). IEEE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp 144–148. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2002.1221423
IEEE Recommended Practice for 1 kV to 35 kV Medium-Voltage DC Power Systems on Ships. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8569023
Van den Broeck G, Stuyts J, Driesen J (2018) A critical review of power quality standards and definitions applied to DC microgrids. Appl Energy 229:281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.058
IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2019.8796486
Singh B, Chandra A, Al-Haddad K (2015) Power quality problems and mitigation techniques. Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118922064
Priyadharshini KM, Srinivasan S, Srinivasan C (2014) Power quality disturbance detection and islanding in micro grid connected distributed generation. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research. pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIC.2014.7238390
Beniwal RK, Saini MK, Nayyar A et al (2021) A critical analysis of methodologies for detection and classification of power quality events in smart grid. IEEE Access 9:83507–83534. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3087016
Singh N, Ansari MA, Tripathy M, Singh VP (2021) Feature extraction and classification techniques for power quality disturbances in distributed generation: a review. IETE J Res 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1920849
Mishra M (2019) Power quality disturbance detection and classification using signal processing and soft computing techniques: A comprehensive review. Int Trans Electr Energ Syst 29. https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12008
Suganthi ST, Vinayagam A, Veerasamy V (2021) Detection and classification of multiple power quality disturbances in Microgrid network using probabilistic based intelligent classifier. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47:101470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101470
Wright PS (1999) Short-time Fourier transforms and Wigner-Ville distributions applied to the calibration of power frequency harmonic analyzers. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 48:475–478. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.769633
Choong F, Reaz MBI, Mohd-Yasin F (2005) Advances in signal processing and artificial intelligence technologies in the classification of power quality events: a survey. Elect Power Compon Syst 33:1333–1349. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325000590964155
Azam MS, Tu F, Pattipati KR, Karanam R (2004) A dependency model-based approach for identifying and evaluating power quality problems. IEEE Trans Power Del 19:1154–1166. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2003.822537
Jurado F, Acero N, Ogayar B (2002) Application of signal processing tools for power quality analysis. In: IEEE CCECE2002. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37373). pp 82–87 vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2002.1015179
Heydt GT, Fjeld PS, Liu CC et al (1999) Applications of the windowed FFT to electric power quality assessment. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 14:1411–1416. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.796235
Gu YH, Bollen MHJ (2000) Time-frequency and time-scale domain analysis of voltage disturbances. IEEE Trans Power Del 15:1279–1284. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.891515
Huang SJ, Huang CL, Hsieh CT (1996) Application of Gabor transform technique to supervise power system transient harmonics. IEE Proc, Gener Transm Distrib 143:461. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:19960534
Abdelsalam AA, Eldesouky AA, Sallam AA (2012) Classification of power system disturbances using linear Kalman filter and fuzzy-expert system. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 43:688–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.05.052
Xue C, Hui-jin L, Quan-ming Z, et al. (2008) Power quality disturbances detection and location using mathematical morphology and complex wavelet transformation. In: 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp 2263–2268. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA.2008.4582920
Huang Y, Liu Y, Hong Z (2009) Detection and location of power quality disturbances based on mathematical morphology and hilbert-huang transform. In: 2009 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, pp 2–319–2–324. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMI.2009.5274596
Lu Z, Turner DR, Wu QH, et al. (2004) Morphological transform for detection of power quality disturbances. In: 2004 International Conference on Power System Technology, 2004. PowerCon 2004, pp 1644–1649, Vol. 2
Wang M, Mamishev AV (2004) Classification of power quality events using optimal time-frequency representations—part 1: theory. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 19:1488–1495. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829940
Hu GS, Zhu FF, Tu YJ (2006) Power quality disturbance detection and classification using Chirplet transforms. In: Wang T-D, Li X, Chen S-H, et al. (eds) Simulated Evolution and Learning. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/11903697_5
Jain AK, Duin RPW, Mao J (2000) Statistical pattern recognition: a review. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22:4–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.824819
Ribeiro MV, Pereira JLR (2007) Classification of single and multiple disturbances in electric signals. EURASIP J Adv Signal Process 2007:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/56918
Srivastava I, Bhat S, Singh AR (2020) Fault diagnosis, service restoration, and data loss mitigation through multi-agent system in a smart power distribution grid. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1817190
Manimala K, Selvi K (2007) Power quality disturbances classification using probabilistic neural network. In: International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA 2007), pp 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIMA.2007.204
He Z, Zhang H, Zhao J, Qian Q (2012) Classification of power quality disturbances using quantum neural network and DS evidence fusion. Euro Trans Electr Power 22:533–547. https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.584
Hsiao YT, Chuang CL, Jiang JA (2005) Recognition of power quality events using wavelet-based dynamic structural neural networks. In: 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 4: 3885–3888. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2005.1465479
Wijayakulasooriya JV, Putrus GA, Minns PD (2002) Electric power quality disturbance classification using self-adapting artificial neural networks. IEE Proc, Gener Transm Distrib 149:98. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20020014
Lv G, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang C (2005) PQ Disturbances Identification Based on SVMs Classifier. In: 2005 International Conference on Neural Networks and Brain, pp 222–226. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNNB.2005.1614602
Janik P, Lobos T (2006) Automated classification of power-quality disturbances using SVM and RBF networks. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 21:1663–1669. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2006.874114
Vinayagam A, Othman ML, Veerasamy V (2022) A random subspace ensemble classification model for discrimination of power quality events in solar PV microgrid power network. PLoS ONE 17:e0262570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262570
Ray PK, Mohanty A, Panigrahi T (2019) Power quality analysis in solar PV integrated microgrid using independent component analysis and support vector machine. Optik 180:691–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.11.041
Kumar A, Sharma R (2017) Fuzzy Lyapunov reinforcement learning for non linear systems. ISA Trans 67:151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2017.01.026
Zhu TX, Tso SK, Lo KL (2004) Wavelet-based fuzzy reasoning approach to power-quality disturbance recognition. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 19:1928–1935. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2004.832382
Chakravorti T, Patnaik RK, Dash PK (2018) Detection and classification of islanding and power quality disturbances in microgrid using hybrid signal processing and data mining techniques. IET Signal Proc 12:82–94. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2016.0352
Krishna BV, Baskaran K (2007) Hybrid learning using multi-objective genetic algorithms and decision trees for power quality disturbance pattern recognition. In: International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA 2007), pp 276–280. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIMA.2007.339
Ray PK, Mohanty SR, Kishor N, Catalão JPS (2014) Optimal feature and decision tree-based classification of power quality disturbances in distributed generation systems. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 5:200–208. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2013.2278865
Biswal B, Dash PK, Panigrahi BK (2009) Power quality disturbance classification using fuzzy C-means algorithm and adaptive particle swarm optimization. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 56:212–220. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.928111
Huang N, Zhang S, Cai G, Xu D (2015) Power quality disturbances recognition based on a multiresolution generalized s-transform and a PSO-improved decision tree. Energies 8:549–572. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8010549
Singh U, Singh SN (2019) A new optimal feature selection scheme for classification of power quality disturbances based on ant colony framework. Appl Soft Comput 74:216–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2018.10.017
Al-Saedi W, Lachowicz SW, Habibi D, Bass O (2013) Power flow control in grid-connected microgrid operation using Particle Swarm Optimization under variable load conditions. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 49:76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.12.017
Morsi WG, El-Hawary ME (2010) Novel power quality indices based on wavelet packet transform for non-stationary sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal disturbances. Electric Power Syst Res 80:753–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2009.11.005
Meegahapola L, Pea S (2012) Impact of wind generator control strategies on flicker emission in distribution networks. In: 2012 IEEE 15th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, pp 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2012.6381178
Bansal RC, Bhatti TS, Kothari DP (2004) Automatic reactive power control of isolated wind-diesel hybrid power systems for variable wind speed/slip. Electric Power Compon Syst 32:901–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325000490253542
Ray P, Salkuti SR (2020) Smart branch and droop controller based power quality improvement in microgrids. Int J Emerg Electr Power Syst 21(6):20200094. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2020-0094
Das B, Panigrahi PK, Das SR, Mishra DP, Salkuti SR (2022) Power quality improvement in a photovoltaic based microgrid integrated network using multilevel inverter. Int J Emerg Electr Power Syst 23(2):197–209. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2021-0040
Salkuti SR (2022) Emerging and advanced green energy technologies for sustainable and resilient future grid. Energies 15(18):6667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186667
Kow KW, Wong YW, Rajkumar RK, Rajkumar RK (2016) A review on performance of artificial intelligence and conventional method in mitigating PV grid-tied related power quality events. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 56:334–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.064
Das SR, Ray PK, Sahoo AK (2021) Artificial intelligence based grid connected inverters for power quality improvement in smart grid applications. Comput Electr Eng 93:107208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107208
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kumar, A., Srivastava, I., Singh, A.R. (2023). Application of Computational Intelligence Methods for Power Quality Disturbance Detection, Classification and Mitigation in Microgrids. In: Salkuti, S.R., Ray, P., Singh, A.R. (eds) Power Quality in Microgrids: Issues, Challenges and Mitigation Techniques. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1039. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2066-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2066-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-2065-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-2066-2
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)