Skip to main content

A Comprehensive Review on Acoustical Muffler Used in Aircraft’s Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems in Industry 4.0 (IPDIMS 2022)

Abstract

When an aircraft is on the ground or parked at the airport, the auxiliary power unit (APU) is switched on to supply conditioned air to the cabin or to provide electric power for aircraft systems. But an APU tends to produce a loud unwanted noise every time it is used, and this can prove to be quite troublesome for the ground crew. So, to reduce this noise, a muffler is usually fitted in the APU’s exhaust. This study presents a literature review on different types and aspects of the muffler as well as the performance parameters that are required for an efficient noise attenuation for the APU. Also, in addition to the muffler materials, various tools and software necessary for muffler design and numerical calculations have also been described. This study also encapsulates the recent vital works done on the APU’s muffler.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Directive 2003/10 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (2003) Minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise). 6 Feb 2003

    Google Scholar 

  2. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16—Noise, "Environmental Protection", August 1971

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tam C et al (2005) Combustion noise of auxiliary power units. In: 11th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tam CKW et al (2013) Indirect combustion noise of auxiliary power units. J Sound Vib 332(17):4004–4020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Pott-Pollenske M et al (2007) Characteristics of noise from aircraft ground operations. In: 13th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference (28th AIAA aeroacoustics conference)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Callaway VE (1968) Noise control of aircraft auxiliary power units. SAE Trans 1993–1999

    Google Scholar 

  7. Alther GA (1966) Muffler development for light aircraft and a technique of in-flight data acquisition and analysis. SAE Trans 262–271

    Google Scholar 

  8. Biswas S (2010) Combination muffler is more effective than reactive muffler even in small size. In: Frontiers in automobile and mechanical engineering-2010. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bhat C et al (2010) Design and analysis of a expansion chamber mufflers. World J Eng 7(3):117–118

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bugaru M, Vasile O, Enescu N (2006) The Mufflers modeling by transfer matrix method. In: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on applied mathematics

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zhong S (2020) Research on computational data simulation of automobile engine exhaust muffler performance. J Phys: Conf Series 1533(4)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hua X et al (2014) Determination of transmission and insertion loss for multi-inlet mufflers using impedance matrix and superposition approaches with comparisons. J Sound Vib 333(22):5680–5692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Munjal ML (2014) Acoustics of ducts and mufflers, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  14. Deaconu M, Radulescu D, Vizitiu G (2018) Acoustic study of different mufflers based on metamaterials using the black hole principle for aircraft industry. In: Conference proceedings euronoise

    Google Scholar 

  15. Elnady T (2004) Modelling and characterization of perforates in lined ducts and mufflers. Doctoral dissertation, Farkost och flyg

    Google Scholar 

  16. Elnady T, Åbom M (2004) Paper VI: on acoustic network models for perforated tube mufflers and the effect of different coupling conditions. Diss. Ph. D. Thesis, The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  17. Munjal ML, Narayana Rao K, Sahasrabudhe AD (1987) Aeroacoustic analysis of perforated muffler components. J Sound Vib 114(2):173–188

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sullivan JW, Crocker MJ (1978) Analysis of concentric-tube resonators having unpartitioned cavities. J Acoust Soc Am 64(1):207–215

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Sullivan JW (1979) A method for modeling perforated tube muffler components. I. Theory. J Acoust Soc Am 66(3):772–778

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Green DJ, Lilley GM (1955) A preliminary report on the use of the wide angle diffuser in ground mufflers of the type used for silencing jet aircraft

    Google Scholar 

  21. Brown DV, Asplund KD, Michalski JW (2008) Eccentric exhaust muffler for use with auxiliary power units. U.S. Patent No. 7,367,424. 6 May 2008

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dean LW (1975) Coupling of Helmholtz resonators to improve acoustic liners for turbofan engines at low frequency. No. PWA-5311

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sawdy DT, Beckemeyer RJ (1980) Bandwidth attenuation with a folded cavity liner in a circular flow duct. AIAA J 18(7):766–773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Beckemeyer RJ, Sawdy DT (1976) Analytical and experimental studies of folded cavity duct acoustic liners. J Acoust Soc Am 60(S1):S123–S123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ross D, Lyon C (1984) Application and test verification of finite element analysis for gasturbine extended reaction exhaust muffler systems. In: 9th aeroacoustics conference

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gebhardt GT (1965) Acoustical design features of boeing model 727. J Aircr 2(4):272–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Knobloch K et al (2014) Full-scale tests on APU noise reduction. In: Turbo expo: power for land, sea, and air, vol 45608. American Society of Mechanical Engineers

    Google Scholar 

  28. Knobloch K, Enghardt L, Bake F (2018) APU-noise reduction by novel muffler concepts. In: Turbo expo: power for land, sea, and air, vol 51005. American Society of Mechanical Engineers

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lavieille M, Brown D, Vieuille F (2011) Numerical modeling and experimental validation of the acoustic efficiency of treated ducts on an aircraft auxiliary power system. In: 17th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference (32nd AIAA aeroacoustics conference)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nodé-Langlois T et al (2010) Modeling of non-locally reacting acoustic treatments for aircraft ramp noise reduction. In: 16th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sijtsma P, van der Wal H (2003) Modelling a spiralling type of non-locally reacting liner. In: 9th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference and exhibit

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zlavog G, Breard C, Diamond J (2009) Non-locally reacting liner modeling and validation. In: 15th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference (30th AIAA aeroacoustics conference)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ahmed U, Ali F, Jennions IK (2021) Development of a far-field noise estimation model for an aircraft auxiliary power unit. IEEE Access 9:127703–127719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Vunnam K, Bouldin B (2012) APU exhaust muffler design improvements through conjugate heat transfer CFD analysis. In: Turbo expo: power for land, sea, and air, vol 44700. American Society of Mechanical Engineers

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lieber LS, Weir D, Sheoran Y (2013) Prediction of transmission loss for two turboprop engine inlet designs. In: 19th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chappuis J, François B, Matthieu P (2011) Air conditioning system noise measurement and characterization for aircraft ground operations. In: 17th AIAA/CEAS aeroacoustics conference (32nd AIAA aeroacoustics conference)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Palan VW, Shepard S, Lim TC (2004) Case history: noise control approaches for an air-compressor in a fuel-cell auxiliary power unit. Noise Control Eng J 52(5):197–209

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kalita U, Pratap A, Kumar S (2015) Absorption materials used in muffler a review. Int J Mech Ind Technol 2(2):31–37

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kalita U, Singh M (2021) Design and CFD analysis on flow through a reactive muffler of four-cylinder diesel engine. In: Recent trends in engineering design. Springer, Singapore, pp 211–223

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kalita U, Singh M (2022) Optimization of a reactive muffler used in four-cylinder petrol engine into hybrid muffler by using CFD analysis. Mater Today: Proc 50:1936–1945

    Google Scholar 

  41. Corrosion in exhaust systems, mufflers and silencers vol 1|Total solutions in heat resistant paints and powder coatings. www.sme.in/Orbit/articles/corrosion-in-exhaust-system-vol-1/index.html

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ujjal Kalita .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Pradhan, A., Ali, S.Z., Chakri, K.L., Kumar, P.R., Kalita, U. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Acoustical Muffler Used in Aircraft’s Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). In: Deepak, B.B.V.L., Bahubalendruni, M.V.A.R., Parhi, D.R.K., Biswal, B.B. (eds) Intelligent Manufacturing Systems in Industry 4.0. IPDIMS 2022. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1665-8_57

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1665-8_57

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-1664-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-1665-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics