Skip to main content

Intelligent Hybrid VLC/RF Communication Protocol for Train Data Transfer

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications (MIDAS 2022)

Part of the book series: Algorithms for Intelligent Systems ((AIS))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 171 Accesses

Abstract

VLC (Visible Light Communication) is a communication protocol based on light modulation for data transfer. It has benefits, such as RF interference immunity, but it also has its own set of inconveniences, namely weakness to light noise and Line Of Sight (LOS) condition. This paper presents the concept for an intelligent hybrid VLC/RF communication protocol that could potentially optimize data transfer: heavy data are transmitted through VLC in a defined and fixed environment, and the data hashes are sent through an RF channel. A potential application of this method would be for trains: The on-board closed-circuit television (CCTV) security system records take a lot of storage in modern trains and need to be unloaded in dedicated servers. The bidirectional VLC/RF communication would be used to transfer the recordings and the hash on two different channels, and the receiver would only need to contact the emitter if the computed digest does not match with the received one.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.openvlc.org/.

  2. 2.

    https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/229.125.

References

  1. Info sûreté du mois : les caméras embarquées (2017). https://malignec.transilien.com/2016/05/12/info-surete-camera-embarquees/

  2. On-board cctv surveillance with rear-facing ip camera-asmag.com provide moxa inc. latest press release information. https://www.asmag.com/mobile/suppliers/pressreleases.aspx?

  3. Vijayalakshmi BA, Nesasudha M (2020) Li-Fi delivering broad band and multimedia content under dimming in train. Opt Quant Electron 52(12):518. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11082-020-02652-7

  4. Guan H, Jutras D, Guo Z (2018) “ Secured and green data processing and transmission in a human-vehicle interaction adas system. In: Global LIFI Congress (GLC). pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fraga-Lamas P, Fernández-Caramés TM, Castedo L (2017) Towards the internet of smart trains: a review on industrial iot-connected railways. Sens 17(6). https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1457

  6. Dagli MA (2020) Visible light communications based train control. pp. 87–94. http://library.witpress.com/viewpaper.asp?pcode=CR20-008-1

  7. Nauryzbayev G, Abdallah M, Al-Dhahir N (2020) Outage analysis of cognitive electric vehicular networks over mixed RF/VLC channels. arXiv:2004.11143 [cs, math]

  8. Marabissi D, Mucchi L, Caputo S, Nizzi F, Pecorella T, Fantacci R, Nawaz T, Seminara M, Catani J (2020) Experimental measurements of a joint 5G-VLC communication for future vehicular networks. JSAN 9(3):32. https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/9/3/32

  9. Rahaim MB, Vegni AM, Little TDC (2011) A hybrid radio frequency and broadcast visible light communication system. In: 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, Houston, TX, USA, pp 792–796. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6162563/

  10. Rakia T, Yang H-C, Gebali F, Alouini M-S (2016) Optimal design of dual-hop VLC/RF communication system with energy harvesting. IEEE Commun Lett 20(10):1979–1982. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7524747/

  11. Pan G,Ye J, Ding Z (2017) Secure hybrid VLC-RF systems with light energy harvesting. IEEE Trans Commun :1. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7935472/

  12. Bouchet O, Perrufel M, Topsu S, Guan H (2016) Acemind new indoor full duplex optical wireless communication prototype. In: van Eijk AMJ, Davis CC, Hammel SM (eds). San Diego, California, United States, p 99790F. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235740

  13. Ahamed S (2016) Visible Light Communication in Railways. In: International conference on railway engineering (ICRE 2016). Institution of Engineering and Technology, Brussels, Belgium, pp 7 (5 .)–7 (5 .). https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp.2016.0516

  14. R. P. . S. I. Group (2015) National rail & underground closed circuit television (cctv)guidance document

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gomez A, Shi K, Quintana C, Sato M, Faulkner G, Thomsen BC, O’Brien D (2015) Beyond 100-Gb/s indoor wide field-of-view optical wireless communications. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 27(4):367–370. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6967750/

  16. Perry VH, Zakariasen D (2004) First use of ultra-high performance concrete for an innovative train station canopy. p 8

    Google Scholar 

  17. Horikoshi J, Tanaka K, Morinaga T (1986) 1.2 GHz band wave propagation measurements in concrete building for indoor radio communications. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 35(4):146–152. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1623397/

  18. Rivest R, Dusse S (1992) The md5 message-digest algorithm

    Google Scholar 

  19. Coskun B, Sankur B, Memon N (2006) Spatio-temporal transform based video hashing. IEEE Trans Multimed 8(6):1190–1208. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4014210/

  20. Liong VE, Lu J, Tan Y-P, Zhou J (2017) Deep video hashing. IEEE Trans Multimed 19(6):1209–1219. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7797446/

  21. Pamułia D, Zi A Securing video stream captured in real time. p 3

    Google Scholar 

  22. Webb WT, Hanzo L (1994) Modern quadrature amplitude modulation: principles and applications for fixed and wireless channels: one. IEEE Press-John Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  23. Haigh PA, Ghassemlooy Z, Rajbhandari S, Papakonstantinou I (2013) Visible light communications using organic light emitting diodes. IEEE Commun Mag 51(8): 148–154. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6576353/

  24. Haigh PA, Ghassemlooy Z, Rajbhandari S, Papakonstantinou I, Popoola W (2014) Visible light communications: 170 Mb/s using an artificial neural network equalizer in a low bandwidth white light configuration. J Light Technol 32(9):1807–1813. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6781659/

  25. Shi M , Wang C, Li G, Liu Y, Wang K, Chi N A 5Gb/s 2 \(\times \) 2 MIMO real-time visible light communication system based on silicon substrate. p 5

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tirumala A (1999) Iperf: the tcp/udp bandwidth measurement tool. http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhuosha Guo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Guan, H., Guo, Z., Ramdane-Cherif, A., Khezaz, A., Hina, M.D., Chassagne, L. (2023). Intelligent Hybrid VLC/RF Communication Protocol for Train Data Transfer. In: Ramdane-Cherif, A., Singh, T.P., Tomar, R., Choudhury, T., Um, JS. (eds) Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications. MIDAS 2022. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1620-7_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics