Abstract
Speeding is a dangerous traffic transgression as it causes a large portion of casualties in traffic. Traditional approaches based on radar and lidar are effective to some extent, but the room for improvement is noticeable. There is also a factor of cost with this type of equipment. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the capabilities of autonomous, precise, and robust systems are becoming achievable. The role of AI is to analyze the input from video or audio recorders. For this work, the focus was on audio recordings. This research proposes a deep neural network (DNN) approach for vehicle speed optimization along with a metaheuristic approach for the optimization of the DNN hyperparameters. A swarm-based algorithm was chosen for hyperparameter optimization that has been regarded as an efficient approach for solving non-deterministic polynomial time (NP) hard problems. Chosen algorithm is the reptile search algorithm. The problems of hyperparameter optimization and the real-world problem of speeding classification belong to this group of problems. The model was compared to other DNN-metaheuristic high-performing solutions from which it was deduced that the proposed approach is highly promising.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abualigah L, Abd Elaziz M, Sumari P, Geem ZW, Gandomi AH (2022) Reptile search algorithm (rsa): a nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimizer. Expert Syst Appl 191:116158
Adam SP, Alexandropoulos SAN, Pardalos PM, Vrahatis MN (2019) No free lunch theorem: A review. Approximation Optim Algorithms Complex Appl 57–82
Bacanin N, Budimirovic N, Venkatachalam K, Jassim HS, Zivkovic M, Askar S, Abouhawwash M (2023) Quasi-reflection learning arithmetic optimization algorithm firefly search for feature selection. Heliyon 9(4)
Bacanin N, Jovanovic L, Zivkovic M, Kandasamy V, Antonijevic M, Deveci M, Strumberger I (2023) Multivariate energy forecasting via metaheuristic tuned long-short term memory and gated recurrent unit neural networks. Inf Sci 119122
Bacanin N, Stoean C, Zivkovic M, Rakic M, Strulak-Wójcikiewicz R, Stoean R (2023) On the benefits of using metaheuristics in the hyperparameter tuning of deep learning models for energy load forecasting. Energies 16(3):1434
Bacanin N, Stoean R, Zivkovic M, Petrovic A, Rashid TA, Bezdan T (2021) Performance of a novel chaotic firefly algorithm with enhanced exploration for tackling global optimization problems: application for dropout regularization. Mathematics 9(21):2705
Bacanin N, Venkatachalam K, Bezdan T, Zivkovic M, Abouhawwash M (2023) A novel firefly algorithm approach for efficient feature selection with covid-19 dataset. Microprocess Microsyst 98:104778
Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Al-Turjman F, Venkatachalam K, Trojovskỳ P, Strumberger I, Bezdan T (2022) Hybridized sine cosine algorithm with convolutional neural networks dropout regularization application. Sci Rep 12(1):6302
Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Antonijevic M, Venkatachalam K, Lee J, Nam Y, Marjanovic M, Strumberger I, Abouhawwash M (2023) Addressing feature selection and extreme learning machine tuning by diversity-oriented social network search: an application for phishing websites detection. Complex Syst 1–36
Castillo-Manzano JI, Castro-Nuño M, Lopez-Valpuesta L, Vassallo FV (2019) The complex relationship between increases to speed limits and traffic fatalities: evidence from a meta-analysis. Saf Sci 111:287–297
Cheng R, Li M, Tian Y, Xiang X, Zhang X, Yang S, Jin Y, Yao X (2018) Benchmark functions for the cec’2018 competition on many-objective optimization. Tech Rep
Delaney A, Ward H, Cameron M, Williams AF (2005) Controversies and speed cameras: lessons learnt internationally. J Pub Health Policy 26:404–415
Djukanović S, Bulatović N, Čavor I (2022) A dataset for audio-video based vehicle speed estimation. In: 2022 30th telecommunications forum (TELFOR). IEEE, pp 1–4
Duman E, Uysal M, Alkaya AF (2012) Migrating birds optimization: a new metaheuristic approach and its performance on quadratic assignment problem. Inf Sci 217:65–77
Ellis A (2003) A deterrence theory of punishment. Philos Q 53(212):337–351
Hauer E, Ahlin F, Bowser J (1982) Speed enforcement and speed choice. Accid Anal Prev 14(4):267–278
Jovanovic G, Perisic M, Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Stanisic S, Strumberger I, Alimpic F, Stojic A (2023) Potential of coupling metaheuristics-optimized-xgboost and shap in revealing pahs environmental fate. Toxics 11(4):394
Jovanovic L, Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Antonijevic M, Jovanovic B, Sretenovic MB, Strumberger I (2023) Machine learning tuning by diversity oriented firefly metaheuristics for industry 4.0. Expert Systems p e13293
Jovanovic L, Jovanovic D, Bacanin N, Jovancai Stakic A, Antonijevic M, Magd H, Thirumalaisamy R, Zivkovic M (2022) Multi-step crude oil price prediction based on lstm approach tuned by salp swarm algorithm with disputation operator. Sustainability 14(21):14616
Jovanovic L, Jovanovic D, Antonijevic M, Nikolic B, Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Strumberger I (2023) Improving phishing website detection using a hybrid two-level framework for feature selection and xgboost tuning. J Web Eng 543–574
Jovanovic L, Jovanovic G, Perisic M, Alimpic F, Stanisic S, Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Stojic A (2023) The explainable potential of coupling metaheuristics-optimized-xgboost and shap in revealing vocs’ environmental fate. Atmosphere 14(1):109
Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of ICNN’95-international conference on neural networks. vol. 4. IEEE, pp 1942–1948
Le N, Rathour VS, Yamazaki K, Luu K, Savvides M (2022) Deep reinforcement learning in computer vision: a comprehensive survey. Artif Intell Rev 1–87
Mejia H, Palomo E, López-Rubio E, Pineda I, Fonseca R (2021) Vehicle speed estimation using computer vision and evolutionary camera calibration. In: NeurIPS 2021 workshop LatinX in AI
Mirjalili S (2016) Sca: a sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problems. Knowl-based Syst 96:120–133
Mirjalili S, Mirjalili S (2019) Genetic algorithm. Evolutionary Algorithms Neural Netw Theory Appl 43–55
Montavon G, Samek W, Müller KR (2018) Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks. Digit Signal Process 73:1–15
Petrovic A, Damaševičius R, Jovanovic L, Toskovic A, Simic V, Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Spalević P (2023) Marine vessel classification and multivariate trajectories forecasting using metaheuristics-optimized extreme gradient boosting and recurrent neural networks. Appl Sci 13(16):9181
Ralph K, Barajas JM, Johnson-Rodriguez A, Delbosc A, Muir C (2022) The end of speed traps and ticket quotas: Re-framing and reforming traffic cameras to increase support. J Plann Educ Res 0739456X221138073
Savanović N, Toskovic A, Petrovic A, Zivkovic M, Damaševičius R, Jovanovic L. Bacanin N, Nikolic B (2023) Intrusion detection in healthcare 4.0 internet of things systems via metaheuristics optimized machine learning. Sustainability 15(16):12563
Stankovic M, Jovanovic L, Bacanin N, Zivkovic M, Antonijevic M, Bisevac P (2022) Tuned long short-term memory model for ethereum price forecasting through an arithmetic optimization algorithm. In: International conference on innovations in bio-inspired computing and applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 327–337
Stoean C, Zivkovic M, Bozovic A, Bacanin N, Strulak-Wójcikiewicz R, Antonijevic M, Stoean R (2023) Metaheuristic-based hyperparameter tuning for recurrent deep learning: Application to the prediction of solar energy generation. Axioms 12(3):266
Walczak S (2019) Artificial neural networks. In: Advanced methodologies and technologies in artificial intelligence, computer simulation, and human-computer interaction. IGI global, pp 40–53
Wang J, Cicchino JB (2023) Changes in speeding on virginia roads during the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic. Traffic Inj Prevention 24(1):38–43
Wei Y, Hu D, Tian Y, Li X (2022) Learning in audio-visual context: a review, analysis, and new perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.09579
Yang XS, Hossein Gandomi A (2012) Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization. Eng Comput 29(5):464–483
Yang XS, Slowik A (2020) Firefly algorithm. In: Swarm intelligence algorithms. CRC Press, pp 163–174
Zivkovic M, Bacanin N, Antonijevic M, Nikolic B, Kvascev G, Marjanovic M, Savanovic N (2022) Hybrid cnn and xgboost model tuned by modified arithmetic optimization algorithm for covid-19 early diagnostics from x-ray images. Electronics 11(22):3798
Zivkovic M, Bacanin N, Venkatachalam K, Nayyar A, Djordjevic A, Strumberger I, Al-Turjman F (2021) Covid-19 cases prediction by using hybrid machine learning and beetle antennae search approach. Sustain Cities Soc 66:102669
Zivkovic M, Stoean C, Chhabra A, Budimirovic N, Petrovic A, Bacanin N (2022) Novel improved salp swarm algorithm: an application for feature selection. Sensors 22(5):1711
Zivkovic M, Tair M, Venkatachalam K, Bacanin N, Hubálovskỳ Š, Trojovskỳ P (2022) Novel hybrid firefly algorithm: an application to enhance xgboost tuning for intrusion detection classification. PeerJ Comput Sci 8:e956
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dogandzic, T., Petrovic, A., Jovanovic, L., Bacanin, N., Jovanovic, A., Zivkovic, M. (2024). Speeding Classification by a Deep Learning Audio Analysis System Optimized by the Reptile Search Algorithm. In: Uddin, M.S., Bansal, J.C. (eds) Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Advances in Computational Intelligence. IJCACI 2022. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0180-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0180-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-0179-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-0180-3
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)