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Coffee (Coffea spp.)

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Soil Health Management for Plantation Crops

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Abstract

Coffee farming regions on the globe along the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are generally called as the “Bean Belt.” Coffee plant prospers well in volcanic, red-lateritic, alluvial and colluvial soils. Acidic soil reaction, high organic matter content, and better potassium status are the general characteristics of coffee soils. The productivity potential of coffee plantations depends on the timely cultural operations and soil health. Soil erosion, soil acidity, and low nutrient availability are some of the major constraints. Soil conservation measures such as contour planting, opening of cradle pits, scuffling, mulching, and terracing in steep slopes to avoid erosion are important cultural practices. Timely application of liming materials and fertilizers in two to three splits based on the soil test is required for nutrient management under sustainable coffee production. Nitrogen is essential for coffee plants in all seasons, and it has to be provided three to four times a year. The phosphorus requirement is higher for the coffee plants at the time of blossom season. Similarly, the potassium requirement is higher at the time of post-monsoon season. Coffee in India has been cultivated under the canopy of two-tier different shade trees. Leaf litter from different shade trees, periodical pruning practices for coffee plants add considerable amount of biomass to the coffee soil. This type of coffee cultivation practice will help to improve organic carbon status in the coffee soil. Hence, technological options to improve soil health including farm biomass recycling, application of biofertilizers, cover cropping, integrated nutrient management, agro-forestry systems for higher carbon sequestration, and opportunities for organic farming are attractive options for sustainable coffee farming.

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Abbreviations

$:

Dollar

%:

Percent

@ :

At the rate

<:

Lesser than

>:

Greater than

° N :

Degree North

° S :

Degree South

A.M.:

Ante Meridiem

AFS:

Agroforestry system

Al3+:

Exchangeable aluminum

Ara :

Arabica coffee

AWC:

Available water content

B:

Boron

C:

Carbon

Ca:

Calcium

CaCO3:

Calcium carbonate

CaO:

Calcium oxide

CaOH:

Calcium hydroxide

CEC:

Cat-ion exchange capacity

cm:

Centi meter

cmol(+):

Centi mole

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

Cu:

Copper

DRIS :

Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system

et al.:

And others

Fe:

Iron

FUE:

Fertilizer use efficiency

g:

Gram

K:

Potassium

K2O:

Available potassium

kg / acre / yr.:

Kilogram per acre per year

kg / ha:

Kilogram per hectare

kg / plant:

Kilogram per plant

kg:

Kilogram

m:

Meter

m3/ha:

Cubic meter per hectare

Mg m−3:

Mega gram per meter cube

Mg:

Magnesium

MgCO3:

Magnesium Carbonate

mm m−1:

Millimeter per meter

mm:

Millimeter

mmhos cm−1 :

Millimohos per centimeter

Mn:

Manganese

Mo:

Molybdenum

MOP:

Muriate of potash

N:

Nitrogen

N:

North

NAR:

Net assimilation rate

NBSSLUP:

National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning

NER:

North Eastern Coffee Growing Region of India

NTA:

Nontraditional Coffee Growing Area of India

°C:

Degree celsius

Oct – Dec :

October to December

P:

Phosphorus

P2O5:

Available phosphorus

pH:

Soil reaction/soil acidity

ppm:

Parts per million

RDF:

Recommended dose of fertilizer

Rob:

Robusta coffee

S:

South

S:

Sulfur

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SOP:

Sulphate of potash

SSP:

Single super phosphate

tonne / ha:

Tonnes per hectare

tons / ha:

Tonnes per hectare

US:

United States

VAM:

Vesicular arbuscular mycorhiza

Zn:

Zinc

ZnSO4:

Zinc sulphate

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  1. Central Coffee Research Institute, Coffee Board of India, Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India

    S. A. Nadaf, P. Shivaprasad, C. Babou, N. Hariyappa, N. Chandrashekar, Prafulla Kumari, P. R. Sowmya, S. B. Hareesh, N. Rajib Pati, J. S. Nagaraja, K. Chandrappa & M. Senthil Kumar

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  1. Former Director, ICAR- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India

    George V Thomas

  2. Former Principal Scientist and Head, ICAR- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kayamkulam, Kerala, India

    V. Krishnakumar

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Nadaf, S.A. et al. (2024). Coffee (Coffea spp.). In: Thomas, G.V., Krishnakumar, V. (eds) Soil Health Management for Plantation Crops. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0092-9_9

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