Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Spread in India

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of Integrated Intelligence Enable Networks and Computing

Part of the book series: Algorithms for Intelligent Systems ((AIS))

  • 884 Accesses

Abstract

The COVID-19 is spreading at an aggressive speed in India. Besides the economic impact, the coronavirus has cost us human deaths, and mental trauma and fear. Currently, there are 2,461,190 cases with 48,040 deaths in India. Restricted movements, maintaining social distancing, the use of sanitizers, and wearing masks seem to be the solutions to prevent COVID-19 spread. The government has also taken stern steps to limit movement of citizens in the form of five-phased lockdown, demarcation of containment zone, night curfews, self-quarantine, and isolation. The current research aims at understanding the impact on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases due to the regular and routine movement of the communities and citizens to grocery and pharmaceuticals, retail shops, parks, and workplaces in India. We found that nine Indian states have seen a rise in the number of COVID-19 cases where less change in behavior is noticed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. J. Bryner, 1st known case of coronavirus traced back to November in China, in livescience.com, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.livescience.com/first-case-coronavirus-found.html. Accessed 12 May 2020

  2. WHO, Coronavirus, in Who.int, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. Accessed 12 May 2020

  3. Coronavirus update (live): 4,310,786 cases and 290,455 deaths from COVID-19 Virus pandemic—worldometer, in Worldometers.info, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Accessed 12 May 2020

  4. Coronavirus confirmed as pandemic, in BBC News, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51839944. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  5. Advice for the public on COVID-19—World Health Organization, in Who.int, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  6. Research guides: geographic information systems/science: spatial analysis and modelling, in Researchguides.dartmouth.edu [Online]. Available https://researchguides.dartmouth.edu/gis/spatialanalysis. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  7. H. Miller, E. Wentz, Representation and spatial analysis in geographic information systems. Annal. Assoc. Am. Geograph. 93(3), 574–594 (2003). Available https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.9303004. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  8. Coronavirus India lockdown Day 68 updates, May 31, 2020, in The Hindu, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-coronavirus-lockdown-may-31-2020-live-updates/article31714194.ece. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  9. Lockdown extended to phase 4: here is looking into the dates of all the lockdowns uptil now, in Timesnownews.com, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/india-coronavirus-lockdown-extended-to-phase-4-here-is-looking-into-the-dates-of-all-the-lockdowns-uptil-now/585837. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  10. L. Albrecht, How behavioral economics is being used against you, in MarketWatch, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nobel-prize-winning-economist-richard-thalers-nudge-theory-has-a-dark-side-too-2017-10-17. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  11. This is what nudge theory means—and why you should care about it, in The Independent, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/nudge-theory-richard-thaler-meaning-explanation-what-is-it-nobel-economics-prize-winner-2017-a7990461.html. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  12. S. Tiwari, S. Kumar, K. Guleria, Outbreak trends of coronavirus disease–2019 in India: a prediction, in Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, pp. 1–6 (2020). Available https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.115. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  13. P. Sharma, COVID and the worst affected Indian States, in Inventiva, 2020 [Online]. Available https://www.inventiva.co.in/uncategorized/parulsharma/covid-and-the-worst-affected-indian-states/. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  14. How did lockdown impact our daily movement? in Medium, 2020 [Online]. Available https://towardsdatascience.com/how-did-lockdown-impact-our-daily-movement-f9da2ed264d7. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  15. H. Brody, M. Rip, P. Vinten-Johansen, N. Paneth and S. Rachman, Map-making and myth-making in Broad Street: the London cholera epidemic, 1854. Lancet 356(9223), 64–68 (2000). Available https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02442-9. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  16. D. Pfeiffer, T. Robinson, M. Stevenson, K. Stevens, D. Rogers, A. Clements, Spatial Analysis in Epidemiology (2008). Available https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509882.001.0001. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  17. M. Jerrett, et al., Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in California. Am. J. Respiratory Critical Care Med. 188(5), 593–599 (2013). Available https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201303-0609oc. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  18. K. Jones, et al., Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451(7181), 990–993 (2008). Available https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06536. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  19. M. Diuk-Wasser, H. Brown, T. Andreadis, D. Fish, Modeling the spatial distribution of mosquito vectors for west Nile virus in Connecticut, USA. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 6(3), 283–295 (2006). Available https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2006.6.283. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  20. P. Tsai, M. Lin, C. Chu, C. Perng, Spatial autocorrelation analysis of health care hotspots in Taiwan in 2006. BMC Publ. Health 9(1) (2009). Available https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-464. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  21. S. Zenk, A. Schulz, B. Israel, S. James, S. Bao, M. Wilson, Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit. Am. J. Publ. Health 95(4), 660–667 (2005). Available https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2004.042150. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  22. M. Rosenberg, C. Anderson, PASSaGE: pattern analysis, spatial statistics and geographic exegesis. Version 2. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2(3), 229–232 (2010). Available https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00081.x. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  23. C. Stoltzfus, et al., CytoMAP: a spatial analysis toolbox reveals features of myeloid cell organization in lymphoid tissues. Cell Rep. 31(3), 107523 (2020). Available https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107523. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  24. A. Tóth, A. Timpe, Exploring urban agriculture as a component of multifunctional green infrastructure: application of figure-ground plans as a spatial analysis tool. Moravian Geograph. Rep. 25(3), 208–218 (2017). Available https://doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0018. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  25. T. Rangel, J. Diniz-Filho, L. Bini, Towards an integrated computational tool for spatial analysis in macroecology and biogeography. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 15(4), 321–327 (2006). Available https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822x.2006.00237.x. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  26. P. Verhagen, Spatial analysis in archaeology: moving into new territories. Nat. Sci. Archaeol. 11–25 (2017). Available https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25316-9_2. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  27. K. Dearborn, R. Danby, Spatial analysis of forest–tundra ecotones reveals the influence of topography and vegetation on alpine treeline patterns in the subarctic. Annal. Am. Assoc. Geograph. 110(1), 18–35 (2019). Available https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2019.1616530. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  28. COVID-19 Community Mobility Report, in COVID-19 Community Mobility Report (2020) [Online]. Available https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  29. Groups.google.com, 2016 [Online]. Available at https://groups.google.com/g/datameet/c/MWbzzQJ0BcI?pli=1. Accessed 20 Aug 2020

  30. S. Sannigrahi, F. Pilla, B. Basu, A. Basu, A. Molter, Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach. Sustain. Cities Soc. 62, 102418 (2020). Available https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102418. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

  31. J. Travers, B. Cook, L. Cook, Null hypothesis significance testing and p values, in Learning Disabilities Research and Practice (2017). Available https://doi.org/10.1111/ldrp.12147. Accessed 14 Aug 2020

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Illa Garg

  2. ICFAI Business School, ICFAI University, Dehradun, India

    Itisha Sharma & Deepti Kiran

Authors
  1. Illa Garg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Itisha Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Deepti Kiran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Itisha Sharma .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

    Krishan Kant Singh Mer

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

    Vijay Bhaskar Semwal

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication, Institute of Technology Gopeshwar, Gopeshwar, India

    Vishwanath Bijalwan

  4. Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain

    Rubén González Crespo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Garg, I., Sharma, I., Kiran, D. (2021). Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 Spread in India. In: Singh Mer, K.K., Semwal, V.B., Bijalwan, V., Crespo, R.G. (eds) Proceedings of Integrated Intelligence Enable Networks and Computing. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6307-6_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation