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Organ Chips and Visualization of Biological Systems

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Visualized Medicine

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1199))

Abstract

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging frontier cross-cutting science and technology developed in the past 10 years. It was first proposed by the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard Medical School. It consists of a transparent flexible polymer the size of a computer memory stick, with hollow microfluidic channels lined with living human cells. Researchers used bionics methods to simulate the microenvironment of human cells on microfluidic chips, so as to realize the basic physiological functions of corresponding tissues and organs in vitro. Transparent chip materials can perform real-time visualization and high-resolution analysis of various human life processes in a way that is impossible in animal models, so as to better reproduce the microenvironment of human tissue and simulate biological systems in vitro to observe drug metabolism and other life processes. It provides innovative research systems and system solutions for in vitro bionics of biological systems. It also has gradually become a new tool for disease mechanism research and new drug development. In this chapter, we will take the current research mature single-organ-on-a-chip and multi-organ human-on-a-chip as examples; give an overview of the research background and underlying technologies in this field, especially the application of in vitro bionic models in visualized medicine; and look forward to the foreseeable future development prospects after the integration of organ-on-chip and organoid technology.

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Abbreviations

μ-TAS:

Miniaturized total analysis system

3D:

Three-dimensional

ADMET:

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity

AST:

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

BTHS:

Barth syndrome

DARPA:

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GelMA:

Methacrylic acid gel

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial

IL-2:

Interleukin-2

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

NCAM-1:

Neural cell adhesion molecule

NIH:

National Institutes of Health

OOC:

Organ-on-a-chip

PBPK:

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PD:

Pharmacodynamic

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PLGA:

Polylacticcoglycollic acid

PMMA:

Polymethyl methacrylate

PNIPAAm-PEG:

Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-polyethylene glycol

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2019CDYGYB016, 2022CDJXY-026), National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (No. 81501612, 31872751), National key research and development program (No. 2020YFC2005905).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

    Tian Tian, Jun Liu & He Zhu

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    Zhe Liu

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Tian, T., Liu, J., Zhu, H. (2023). Organ Chips and Visualization of Biological Systems. In: Liu, Z. (eds) Visualized Medicine. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1199. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9902-3_8

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