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Nanobiotechnology Advancements in Lateral Flow Immunodiagnostics

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Nanobiomaterial Engineering

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology has emerged as an effective tool in the development of diagnostics, biomaterials, drug delivery systems, and numerous point-of-care (POC) applications in recent years. Proteins, antigens, antibodies, amino acids, DNA, etc. are conjugated with the nanomaterial to develop the potential biosensors. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is well-established technology that has been used in the development of the variety of POC techniques in the biomedical field for qualitative as well as quantitative diagnostics. Numerous LFIA test kits have been developed and scripted in the form of research publications, but most of them are not commercialized. In this chapter, the recent nanobiotechnological advancements in the development of LFIA with respect to the signal amplification and sensitivity enhancement are reviewed. Types of LFIA, advantages and disadvantages of advancements made in the detection of LFIA, smartphone-based detection techniques in LFIA, etc. are discussed with respect to their importance in the LFIA application. Various techniques used for the LFIA sensitivity enhancement are emphasized along with its effect on the application. The sensitivity of LFIA can be enhanced by implementing various mechanistic approaches such as the use of brighter sensor molecule, adjusting the position of test line on the LFIA strip, altering LFIA sample preparation procedure and physicochemical parameters, addition of additives to the LFIA reagents, using an additional component in LFIA strip assembly, post-assay test line color enhancement, removal of the interfering entities in the complex analyte, increase in number of the detection sites, increase in binding area of the detector-capture antibody pair, improved detection capabilities, highly sensitive imaging applications, etc. Selectivity and sensitivity enhancement has improved the detection capability, but continuous efforts are needed on the reproducibility, reliability, and simplicity of the LFIA techniques.

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Acknowledgment

Dr. Vivek Borse would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for the INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship Award (IFA18-ENG266, DST/INSPIRE/04/2018/000991).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NanoBioSens Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Vivek Borse

  2. NanoBios Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Rohit Srivastava

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  1. Vivek Borse
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  2. Rohit Srivastava
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Correspondence to Vivek Borse .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pranjal Chandra

  2. School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajiv Prakash

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Borse, V., Srivastava, R. (2020). Nanobiotechnology Advancements in Lateral Flow Immunodiagnostics. In: Chandra, P., Prakash, R. (eds) Nanobiomaterial Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9840-8_10

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