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Immunotherapy: Targeting Cancer Cells

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Targeted Cancer Therapy in Biomedical Engineering

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

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Abstract

Cancer has been a complex disease, and for many decades, research has been going on for designing a novel strategy for the cure and successful treatment; promising results and efforts are required. Although remarkable progress has been made in cancer medicine research concerning more efficient, specific, and less invasive modalities of cancer treatments recently, currently targeted therapy is one of the approaches aimed at targeting a particular location linked to cancer, such as tumor microenvironment or intracellular organelles, without affecting its normal surrounding and therefore benefits by increasing the specificity of the treatment. Targeted therapies are now one of the most promising therapies and have been embarking on their importance in oncological research and clinical oncology due to the revolution in the treatment of cancer in terms of diagnosis and the use of sophisticated diagnostic and molecular characterization technologies due to the advent of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The advantage of targeted therapies is that it promotes effective dendritic cell (DC) maturation, T cell priming, activation, and differentiation into memory T cells that are long-lived, and thereby suggest combining cancer vaccines along with targeted therapies for boosted immune response and functioning of effector T cell. In this chapter, aspects of immunotherapy as a strategy for cancer therapy will be reviewed by analyzing the different approaches of immunotherapy and the upcoming promising therapies for cancer generally as well as for specific cancers while attempting to understand the latest developments in using immunotherapy as a novel strategy for cancer cure.

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Abbreviations

ACT:

Adoptive cell transfer

APC:

Antigen presenting cell

CAR:

Chimeric antigen receptor

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CDR:

Complementarity determining regions

CGA:

Cancer germline antigens

cHL:

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4

FDA:

Food and Drug administration

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HSCT:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplants

ICI:

Immune checkpoint Inhibitors

IL:

Interleukin

MCC:

Merkel cell carcinoma

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NIH:

National Institute of Health

NK:

Natural killer cells

PBL:

Peripheral blood lymphocytes

PD-1:

Programmed death 1 receptor

PD-L1:

Programmed death receptor ligand 1

PD-L2:

Programmed death receptor ligand 2

Ras:

Rat adenosarcoma

RCC:

Renal cell carcinoma

TAA:

Tumor associated antigen

TCR:

T cell receptor

TIL:

Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes

TME:

Tumour microenvironment

UC:

Urothelial cancer

VAV:

Vaccinia viru

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India

    M. Vindhya, M. N. Ramesh Bharadwaj & Kanthesh M. Basalingappa

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India

    T. S. Gopenath

  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Perak, Malaysia

    Ashok Gnanasekaran

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Correspondence to Kanthesh M. Basalingappa .

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  1. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India

    Rishabha Malviya

  2. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida,, India

    Sonali Sundram

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Vindhya, M., Ramesh Bharadwaj, M.N., Basalingappa, K.M., Gopenath, T.S., Gnanasekaran, A. (2023). Immunotherapy: Targeting Cancer Cells. In: Malviya, R., Sundram, S. (eds) Targeted Cancer Therapy in Biomedical Engineering. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9786-0_5

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