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Evolution, Characteristics, and Clonal Expansion of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA): Global Perspectives

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Handbook on Antimicrobial Resistance

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Abstract

Epidemiological classification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) has become more complex and unclear. Nevertheless, the global burden of LA-MRSA and its clinical complications have been increased to unprecedented levels. The improper use of antibiotics contributed to the emergence of MRSA in the livestock sector. Apart from infections, asymptomatic colonization of MRSA in humans and animals can result in the humanosis and/or zoonosis. The LA-MRSA studies drew attention because of its unique properties of harboring the mecC locus (an analogue of mecA) as the methicillin resistance determinant and varying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. The peculiar feature of LA-MRSA which is non-typeable by SmaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (SmaI-PFGE) has opened different vistas in LA-MRSA research. The present chapter focused on the prevalence, history of evolution, clonal expansion, and epidemiological characteristics of LA-MRSA from global perspectives. Concerted efforts were made to encompass the major aspects of LA-MRSA by analyzing the related studies. Over the years, LA-MRSA gained special attention owing to its widespread and zoonotic potential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Muneeb Hamza

  2. Faculty of Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Muneeb Hamza

  3. Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Cochin, Kerala, India

    G. K. Sivaraman & Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka

Authors
  1. Muneeb Hamza
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  2. G. K. Sivaraman
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  3. Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muneeb Hamza .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India

    Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka

  2. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India

    Murugadas Vaiyapuri

  3. Visakhapatnam Research Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Madhusudana Rao Badireddy

  4. ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Chandragiri Nagarajrao Ravishankar

  5. Food and Agriculture Organization, New Delhi, India

    Rajesh Bhatia

  6. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Joykrushna Jena

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Hamza, M., Sivaraman, G.K., Mothadaka, M.P. (2023). Evolution, Characteristics, and Clonal Expansion of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA): Global Perspectives. In: Mothadaka, M.P., Vaiyapuri, M., Rao Badireddy, M., Nagarajrao Ravishankar, C., Bhatia, R., Jena, J. (eds) Handbook on Antimicrobial Resistance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9279-7_23

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