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Resource Conserving Mechanization Technologies for Dryland Agriculture

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Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate

Abstract

The continuous deterioration in natural resources and climate change has put enormous challenges before researchers to further improve the crop productivity to meet the food grains demand of the burgeoning population from existing even reduced land resources. The faster depletion of groundwater, soil health deterioration, and change in rainfall patterns are key issues being faced in every agro-ecological zone of the country. Such problems are more prominent in dryland agriculture due to the limited moisture regime during the crop growth period. The unnecessary delay in the field operation, seeding at improper depth, mismanagement of crop residue, and inadequate water-conserving techniques lead to poor germination, resulting in lesser yield and profitability. In this book chapter, resource conserving mechanization technologies for different field operations ranging from seedbed preparation to threshing of crops in dryland agriculture are discussed. Under the favourable moisture regime, a shift from conventional tillage to resource conserving tillage practices, viz. zero and strip tillage either on flat or broad bed, would be helpful to reduce the fuel cost, operational time, and associated harmful air pollutants along with increased net profit for farmers. The use of such resource conserving technologies along with crop residue as mulch and subsurface drip irrigation system will provide the double benefits of energy and water conservation. The high losses and low input use efficiency in chemical and fertilizer applications are associated not only with increased cultivation cost but also with their harmful impacts on soil, water, and air. Researchers and farming communities are encouraged to use frontier technologies such as electrostatic sprayer, drones, etc., to reduce the losses and optimal application of chemical and fertilizers. In crops, especially row crops, integrated weed management practice involving both chemical and mechanical control needs to be adopted due to the evolution of herbicide resistance in several weeds upon solely relying on chemical control. The farmers belonging to small landholding and engaged in cereal-based cropping systems can make scale-based appropriate choices to use power tiller for tillage/tillage + sowing, self-propelled reaper for harvesting, and multi-crop thresher for threshing of such crops in an economical manner.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Neeraj Kumar, R. S. Chhokar & S. C. Gill

  2. Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

    Ganesh Upadhyay, Swapnil Choudhary, Bharat Patel &  Naresh

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  1. Neeraj Kumar
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  2. Ganesh Upadhyay
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  3. Swapnil Choudhary
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  4. Bharat Patel
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  5. Naresh
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  6. R. S. Chhokar
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  7. S. C. Gill
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  1. Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India

    Anandkumar Naorem

  2. Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India

    Deepesh Machiwal

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Kumar, N. et al. (2023). Resource Conserving Mechanization Technologies for Dryland Agriculture. In: Naorem, A., Machiwal, D. (eds) Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9159-2_33

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