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A Systemic Functional Typology of Declarative Mood

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A Systemic Functional Typology of MOOD

Part of the book series: The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series ((TMAKHLFLS))

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Abstract

Chapter 5 is a systemic functional typology of declarative mood. Section 5.1 investigates the cross-linguistic similarities and differences in the realizations of three major functional elements in declarative mood structure, namely the Subject, the Predicator, and the Finite. It is found that they are universal functional elements and languages bear similarity in realizing Subject with nominal groups and Predicator and Finite with verbal groups. Languages vary in the ellipsis of Subject and the realizations of Subject and Predicate. Concerning the Finite, languages are at variance with each both in the meanings realized by Finite and in the realizations of Finite. Besides, languages display inter-language variation and intra-language consistency in the realizations of Finite. The realizations of Finite are related to the morphological types of language. Section 5.2 turns to the subtypes of declarative mood and their realizations. The subtypes of declarative mood include the declarative (proper), the Hidatsa subtypes of declarative, the exclamative, the emotional-involved and the assessed declarative, the evidential declarative, the emphatic and the focused declarative, tenor-related declaratives, and other subtypes. Languages vary both in the subtypes of declarative mood they have in their mood system and in the realizations of these declaratives.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The ellipsis of Subject in imperative mood is widely observed in languages around the world. Here, our discussion is limited to the scope of declarative mood and interrogative mood.

  2. 2.

    The type (i) languages are identified as null-subject languages in typological studies.

  3. 3.

    According to Borsley et al. (2007: 34), the Subject is commonly omitted in literary Welsh but rarely omitted in colloquial language.

  4. 4.

    The number of primary tense and aspect of each language is derived from the reference grammars of the languages sampled. According to Halliday (1994), primary tense means past, present, or future at the moment of speaking; it is time relative to ‘now’. Thus, compound tenses, for instance the past future in English, are not counted.

  5. 5.

    We will avoid saying that a certain mood is absent in a certain language, since no reference grammar can offer an absolutely complete description of the language under study.

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  1. School of International Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China

    Dongqi Li

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Correspondence to Dongqi Li .

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Li, D. (2023). A Systemic Functional Typology of Declarative Mood. In: A Systemic Functional Typology of MOOD. The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8821-9_5

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