Skip to main content

Approximate Computing-Based Unsigned Multipliers for Image Processing Applications

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in VLSI and Embedded Systems

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 962))

  • 297 Accesses

Abstract

Approximate computing allows substantial power saving at the cost of curtailed accuracy. The inaccurate outputs are tolerated by applications such as image and multimedia processing, data mining, etc. due to their inherent error tolerance. Multipliers are the most prominent circuits which are required for deploying these applications on digital processors. In this paper, a power-efficient unsigned multiplier is designed that uses a novel approximate 4–2 compressor. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multipliers have 11.07\(\%\) reduction in energy compared to exact multiplier and provide a high PSNR in the range of 20.47 to 35.23 dB for image multiplication application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Han, J., & Orshansky, M. (2013). Approximate computing: An emerging paradigm for energy-efficient design. In Proceedings of the 18th IEEE European test symposium (ETS), 2013 (pp. 1–6)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wang, G., & Shield, J. (2005). The efficient implementation of an array multiplier. In 2005 IEEE international conference on electro information technology, 2005 (p. 5).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Venkatachalam, S., Adams, E., Lee, H. J., & Ko, S. (2019). Design and analysis of area and power efficient approximate booth multipliers. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 68(11), 1697–1703.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Liu, W., Qian, L., Wang, C., Jiang, H., Han, J., & Lombardi, F. (2017). Design of approximate radix-4 booth multipliers for error-tolerant computing. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 66(8), 1435–1441.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Leon, V., Zervakis, G., Xydis, S., Soudris, D., & Pekmestzi, K. (2018). Walking through the energy-error pareto frontier of approximate multipliers. IEEE Micro, 38(4), 40–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Leon, V., Asimakopoulos, K., Xydis, S., Soudris, D., & Pekmestzi, K. (2019). Cooperative arithmetic-aware approximation techniques for energy-efficient multipliers. In Proceedings of the 56th annual design automation conference, 2019 (pp. 1–6).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Momeni, A., Han, J., Montuschi, P., & Lombardi, F. (2015). Design and analysis of approximate compressors for multiplication. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 64(4), 984–994.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Ha, M., & Lee, S. (2018). Multipliers with approximate 4–2 compressors and error recovery modules. IEEE Embedded System Letters, 10(1), 6–9.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lin, C.-H., & Lin, I.-C. (2013). High accuracy approximate multiplier with error correction. In Proceedings of the 31st ICCD conference (pp. 33–38).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yang, Z., Han, J., & Lombardi, F. (2015). Approximate compressors for error resilient multiplier design. In Proceedings of the IEEE international symposium defect fault tolerance VLSI nanotechnology system, Oct. 2015 (pp. 183–186).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sabetzade, F., Moaiyeri, M. H., & Ahmadinejad, M. (2019). A majority based imprecise multiplier for ultra-efficient approximate image multiplication. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 66(11), 4200–4208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Venkatachalam, S., & Ko, S.-B. (2017). Design of power and area effcient approximate multipliers. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 25(5), 1782–1786.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Akbari, O., Kamal, M., Afzali-Kusha, A., & Pedram, M. (2017). Dual-quality 4:2 compressors for utilizing in dynamic accuracy configurable multi pliers. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 25(4), 1352–1361.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ahmadinejad, M., Moaiyeri, M. H., & Sabetzade, F. (2019). Energy and area efficient imprecise compressors for approximate multiplication at nanoscale. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 110, Art. no. 152859.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Strollo, A. G. M., Napoli, E., De Caro, D., Petra, N., & Meo, G. D. (2020). Comparison and extension of approximate 4–2 compressors for low-power approximate multipliers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 67(9), 3021–3034.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Narayanamoorthy, S., Moghaddam, H. A., Liu, Z., Park, T., & Kim, N. S. (2015). Energy-efficient approximate multiplication for digital signal process ing and classification applications. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 23(6), 1180–1184.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zainab Aizaz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Aizaz, Z., Khare, K., Tirmizi, A. (2023). Approximate Computing-Based Unsigned Multipliers for Image Processing Applications. In: Darji, A.D., Joshi, D., Joshi, A., Sheriff, R. (eds) Advances in VLSI and Embedded Systems. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 962. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6780-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6780-1_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-6779-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-6780-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics