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Endometrial Cancer

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Fundamentals in Gynaecologic Malignancy

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Abstract

Endometrial cancer has been traditionally associated amongst women with obesity and is regarded having a good prognosis as majority of women are symptomatic at an early stage. Statistically it ranks sixth among all the cancer occurring in females. According to facts derived from Globocan for the year 2020, the overall incidence was 417,367 and 97,370 died due to it [1]. Geographical distribution is skewed towards western countries with high incidence noted in North American, Eastern and Northern European countries. In comparison incidence is lowest in several African and Asian countries including India which may be related to the higher prevalence of obesity in the west. However, the risk seems to have increased over the years, even in the Asian and African countries which is contemplated to be the result of the rapid socio-economic growth occurring in these regions [2]. In India, the incidence is low, with 16,413 new cases as per Globocan 2020 data [3]. Chennai has the highest incidence with an AAR of 6 per 100,000 population, followed by Delhi (AAR 5.5) and Thiruvananthapuram (AAR5.1) [4]. In comparison, North America has an AAR of 26 per 100,000 population, making it the second most common malignancy occurring in females after breast cancer [5]. The risk of endometrial cancer increases as age advances and the median age of onset has been shown to be at 63 years as per the SEER data with a range of 55–64 years [5]. In India, the median age of onset is 54 years which is similar to median age reported from studies of other Asian countries [6–8]. Increased prevalence of obesity and higher life expectancy are the two major contributing factors in the increasing prevalence of endometrial cancers in high-income countries [9]. It is, therefore, a disease occurring mainly in the postmenopausal women and is rare before 30 years of age. Majority of the patients are symptomatic and present as postmenopausal bleeding. The overall 5-year survival rate is estimated to be 81.2%, and in patients where the disease is confined to the uterus, it is more than 90% [5]. This fact, however, cannot be generalized as prognosis may be poor in patients having unfavourable characteristics such as high grade, aggressive histology, and advanced age.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (A Unit of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai), Guwahati, Assam, India

    Amal Chandra Kataki, Upasana Baruah & Partha Medhi

  2. Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India

    Amita Maheshwari

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, USA

    Kaushik Jaganath Kataki

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  1. Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (A unit of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai), Guwahati, Assam, India

    Amal Chandra Kataki

  2. Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Dr Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (A unit of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai), Guwahati, Assam, India

    Debabrata Barmon

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Kataki, A.C., Baruah, U., Maheshwari, A., Medhi, P., Kataki, K.J. (2022). Endometrial Cancer. In: Kataki, A.C., Barmon, D. (eds) Fundamentals in Gynaecologic Malignancy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5860-1_14

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