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Insight into Various Conventional Physical and Chemical Methods for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

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Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries

Part of the book series: Clean Energy Production Technologies ((CEPT))

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Abstract

The generation of renewable energy resources as an alternative to fossil fuels is essential to sustain the growing human population. Lignocellulosic biomass is considered an important renewable resource for various value-added compounds and biofuels, as the world is currently poised toward a carbohydrate-based economy. Analogous to petroleum refineries, biorefineries deal with the carbohydrate polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose) and aromatic compounds (lignin), which can be processed into different bioproducts. However, the complex architecture of crystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin creates high recalcitrance, which requires significant pretreatment steps. Thus, developing cost-effective pretreatment is crucial for the effective separation of the biomass components. In this chapter, first, the basic components of the lignocellulosic biomass have been briefly described followed by the various conventional physical and chemical pretreatment methods. In addition, the efficiency of different biomass-specific pretreatment operations and their combinations has been discussed in detail. Moreover, challenges of the pretreatment processes, like chemical recovery, inhibitory byproducts formation, prolonged and costly methods, and feedstock utilization are also highlighted. Overcoming the challenges has demonstrated the potentiality of the available pretreatment methods in the advanced biological refinery process for the production of biofuels and various value-added compounds.

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Abbreviations

AFEX:

Ammonia Fiber Explosion

CrI:

Crystallinity index

DA:

Dilute acid

DP:

Degree of polymerization

GR:

Gamma irradiation

ILs:

Ionic liquids

LCB:

Lignocellulosic biomass

LHW:

Liquid hot water

MWR:

Microwave radiation

OS:

Organosolvent

SE:

Steam explosion

WO:

Wet oxidation

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. CRG/2020/002080), Department of Biotechnology (Grant No. BT/RLF/Re-entry/06/2013) and Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC), MHRD, Govt. of India (Grant No. SPARC/2018-2019/P265/SL). Pradipta Patra appreciates the support from the Department of Science and Technology(DST) (INSPIRE, India for the award of fellowships, DST). Manali Das thanks thesupport from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

Competing Interests

All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Bharat Manna, Pradipta Patra & Amit Ghosh

  2. School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Manali Das

  3. P. K. Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Amit Ghosh

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Bioprocess & Bioenergy Lab, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Pradeep Verma

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Manna, B., Das, M., Patra, P., Ghosh, A. (2022). Insight into Various Conventional Physical and Chemical Methods for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass. In: Verma, P. (eds) Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries. Clean Energy Production Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4316-4_2

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