Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 gradually spread to virtually all regions of the world and was declared a global pandemic by WHO. It has been the greatest tragedy befalling mankind since World War II. While the mortality rate is higher than that of influenza, it seems to vary by region, perhaps indicating variations in the immune status of individuals and the response of local health authorities to tackle the challenge of new infectious disease. Drugs are desperately required for both prophylaxis and care of severely ill patients. Although there are few approved treatment options, several drugs approved for other diseases earlier are being tested and used after emergency use authorization for mitigation and treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, data from appropriately designed clinical trials are lacking to show the effectiveness of these drugs. The result from WHO solidarity trials for four drug types are not encouraging. There is definite relief and hope due to the emergence of many vaccine candidates in the market; however, the virus is adapting fast and has started mutating as seen in many countries like Africa and the UK. There is a need for a cogent diagnostic and vaccine for controlling this outbreak. The need for corona-appropriate behavior like masking, sanitization, quarantine, and containment will play a decisive role until an effective treatment regime is worked out. While the pandemic has adversely affected most spheres of human activities, it has also been a great learning experience for scientists, healthcare professionals, and mankind. In this chapter, an attempt is made for understanding the lessons that have been learned so far and how they will benefit in reducing the impact of COVID-19 and the current picture of diagnostic and therapeutic development for COVID-19.
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Acknowledgment
Vivek P. Chavda wants to dedicate this work to LM College of pharmacy as a part of the 75th-year celebration of the college. The Authors are thankful to Dr. Jayant Dave (Adjunct Professor, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad) and Dr. Devang Seth (Associate Professor, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad) for the peer review of the prepared manuscript. Figure 16.1 is created with Biorender.com. Figure 16.2, 16.3 and 16.6 are adopted from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00223, and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110493 respectively under CC BY 4 licence.
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Panda, P.K., P. Chavda, V., Neve, K., Mishra, S., Verma, S.K., Ahuja, R. (2022). COVID-19: Lesson Learnt from Diagnostics to Therapeutics. In: Suar, M., Misra, N., Dash, C. (eds) Microbial Engineering for Therapeutics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3979-2_16
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