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Challenges of Species Identification for Parasitic Helminths

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Molecular Systematics of Parasitic Helminths

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Abstract

Species are the fundamental units of systematics, biodiversity, and ecological and evolutionary studies, but their delimitation has been neglected methodologically. Species are not discrete but ever-evolving groups of populations that are more or less connected by gene flow. As mentioned in Chap. 4, natural selection and genetic drift act on heritable variations over time, eventually causing reproductively isolated entities in geographical isolation. In systematics, we generally have two major goals: (1) to discover and describe species and (2) to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species studied. Almost all articles published on systematics have been focused on reconstructing phylogenies. Species delimitation is how species boundaries are determined and new species are discovered. Species delimitation has emerged as a critical topic in modern systematics. Recently, DNA methods have been used to study the systematics and population genetics of parasitic helminths, leading to the chance discovery of many genetically distinct but morphologically very similar species. In this chapter, we provided essential knowledge to deal with the challenges of species delimitation. Species concepts, which are the criteria tied to species delimitation and the principle of speciation, particularly parasitic speciation, were mentioned. Additionally, we discussed the pitfalls and problematic issues for species identification based on morphological characteristics, focusing on cryptic species, species hybridization, homoplasy under convergent evolution, and phenotypic plasticity under adaptive evolution.

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  1. Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Urusa Thaenkham, Kittipong Chaisiri & Abigail Hui En Chan

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Thaenkham, U., Chaisiri, K., Hui En Chan, A. (2022). Challenges of Species Identification for Parasitic Helminths. In: Molecular Systematics of Parasitic Helminths . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1786-8_5

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