Abstract
In the recent years, the growing concern to understand the impact of climate variability on various aspects of human civilizations have led to developing an understanding of proxy response according to change in the environmental conditions. Among various climate-sensitive proxies (e.g., geochemistry, pollens, biomarkers, grain size, etc.), the stable isotopes are the crucial component that not only helps us to understand the climate variability in the past, but also provides a detailed understanding of past meteorological variables such as temperature and precipitation, and vegetation response with changing hydrological conditions.
The present study is focusing on the application of stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O, δ15N and δD) in order to understand the climate variability since Pleistocene to present day conditions and provide a significant insight towards understanding the role of external (solar forcings), and internal forcing factors (teleconnections, such as El-Niño Southern Oscillation – ENSO, North Atlantic Oscillation – NAO) influencing the centennial to millennial-scale climate variability. Further, using case studies from the south Asian region, we have highlighted several challenges such as the impact of post-depositional changes and moisture pathways associated with the isotopic studies. This understanding will further provide better insights of isotope behaviour in natural archives in spatially varied terrains which is essential to decipher the temporal evolution of climate.
Author “Shweta Singh” was deceased on 10th May 2021.
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Notes
- 1.
ITCZ is a band of low-pressure region near equator, which determines the onset and intensity of precipitation in the Indian sub-continent (Fleitmann et al. 2003).
- 2.
NAO is large scale weather phenomenon observed in the North Atlantic Ocean, and characterised by the pressure difference between Icelandic low and Azores high (McManus et al. 2004).
- 3.
Half-life is the time taken by the radioactive nuclei to decay and reduce to half of its original values (White 2013).
- 4.
Bond events are colder millennial scale event characterised by ice-rafted debris in North Atlantic Ocean (Bond et al. 1997). Total Eight such cold event have been observed (11.1, 10.3, 9.4, 8.1, 5.9, 4.2, 2.8, 1.4 ka) during the Holocene epoch.
- 5.
El-Niño is the warm phase of El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), characterised with warmer ocean in central and east-central equatorial Pacific. The El-Niño events are negatively correlated with the Indian summer monsoon precipitation (Goswami 2006).
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Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful to Dr. MK Goyal for inviting us to contribute a chapter to this book. PKM and SS thank Director, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun for his constant support and encouragement. PKM gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship from Department of Science and Technology. This is manuscript number WIHG/2020/12/01.
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Singh, S., Mishra, P.K. (2022). Role of Stable Isotopes in Climate Studies – A Multi-archive Approach Focusing on Holocene to Anthropocene Records. In: Goyal, M.K., Gupta, A.K., Gupta, A. (eds) Hydro-Meteorological Extremes and Disasters. Disaster Resilience and Green Growth. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0725-8_8
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Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0724-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0725-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)