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Microbial “OMICS” in Oral Cancer

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Microbes and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the leading cause of mortality in head and neck cancer. Unhealthy habits such as chewing tobacco, smoking, drinking, poor oral hygiene and diet are responsible for chronic inflammation and infections have been recognized as predisposing factors for oral carcinogenesis. Various bacterial species and viruses are known to be associated with oral cancer. The metabolic by-products of the bacterial flora induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that may drive carcinogenesis. Recent advancements in “omics” technologies have been useful in identifying oral cancer-related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. To understand the journey of a microbial community from supporting a healthy environment to transitioning into a diseased state, multi-omics approaches are being utilized. These approaches not only provide insight into the microbiome but they can also provide detailed information at the DNA (genome), RNA (transcriptome), protein (proteome), and metabolite (metabolome) level as well. The differential genomic and transcriptomic signatures would lead to the functional identity of the microbial community in a particular environment leading to alterations in the host biological process and pathways. The OMICS-based approaches are powerful tools available to researchers to understand the physiological and pathological roles of microbes in a host.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Life Science, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Shaheerah Khan & Anshuman Dixit

  2. University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Rohita Sinha

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  1. Shaheerah Khan
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  2. Rohita Sinha
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  3. Anshuman Dixit
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Correspondence to Anshuman Dixit .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Samapika Routray

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Khan, S., Sinha, R., Dixit, A. (2022). Microbial “OMICS” in Oral Cancer. In: Routray, S. (eds) Microbes and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0592-6_12

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