Skip to main content

Consumer Bullying in Online Brand Communities—Quantifying a Dark Social Media Phenomenon

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Marketing and Smart Technologies

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 279))

  • 1673 Accesses

Abstract

Whilst authors in the marketing literature have made some qualitative suggestions that aggressive consumer-to-consumer interactions (i.e., bullying) negatively affect users’ social media experience, there is no quantitative evidence to substantiate such propositions. Moreover, several studies emphasize that large brands such as Nike and Coca Cola are reluctant to get involved when consumer interactions turn hostile. Applying text mining techniques from computer science to a novel phenomenon in marketing, this paper aims to provide a quantitative overview of the prevalence and impact of bullying in online brand communities, and the potential effectiveness of brand responses. To this purpose, we scraped data from the official Facebook community of 14 retail brands (e.g., Lidl, Tesco) for a 3-month period, analyzed the content and sentiment of consumer comments that classified as bullying, and ran t-tests to measure the impact of a brand response. Analyzing a total of 49,866 comments, our findings offer detailed insights on the average bullying rate for retailers’ online brand communities and significant variations in bullying between these retailers. Furthermore, we show that bullying has a largely negative emotional impact on community users, and that a brand who responds to bullying can cause a substantial, positive sentiment shift. We thus offer theoretical and managerial contributions to the novel and under-researched ‘dark side of social media’ in the digital marketing literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alshenqeeti, H.: Are emojis creating a new or old visual language for new generations? Asocio-semiotic study. Adv. Lang. Literary Stud. 7 (6) (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bacile, T.J., Wolter, J.S., Allen, A.M., Xu, P.: The effects of online incivility and consumer-to-consumer interactional justice on complainants, observers, and service providers during social media service recovery. J. Interact. Mark. 44, 60–81 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bailey, M.M.: NrcLex. https://github.com/metalcorebear/NRCLex (2019). Last accessed 2021.09.01

  4. Bollmer, J.M., Harris, M.J., Milich, R., Georgesen, J.C.: Taking offense: effects of personality and teasing history on behavioral and emotional reactions to teasing. J. Pers. 71(4), 557–603 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Breitsohl, J., Kunz, W.H., Dowell, D.: Does the host match the content? A taxonomical update on online consumption communities. J. Mark. Manag. 31(9–10), 1040–1064 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Breitsohl, J., Roschk, H., Feyertag, C.: Consumer brand bullying behaviour in online communities of service firms. In: Service Business Development, pp. 289–312. Springer (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Brew, C.: Language processing: statistical methods. In: Brown, K. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition), 2nd edn, pp. 597–604. Elsevier, Oxford (2006). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542009482

  8. Dani, H., Li, J., Liu, H.: Sentiment informed cyberbullying detection in social media. In: Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, pp. 52–67. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  9. Davidson, T., Warmsley, D., Macy, M., Weber, I.: Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language. In: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media vol. 11 No. 1 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dineva, D., Breitsohl, J.: Managing trolling in online communities: an organizational perspective. Internet Res. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-08-2020-0462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Dineva, D., Breitsohl, J., Garrod, B., Megicks, P.: Consumer responses to conflict-management strategies on non-profit social media fan pages. J. Interact. Mark. 52, 118–136 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dineva, D.P., Breitsohl, J.C., Garrod, B.: Corporate conflict management on social media brand fan pages. J. Market. Manag., pp.1–20 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ditch: The Annual Bullying Survey. https://www.ditchthelabel.org/research-papers/the-annual-bullying-survey-2018/ (2018)

  14. ElSherief, M., Nilizadeh, S., Nguyen, D., Vigna, G., Belding, E.: Peer to peer hate: hate speech instigators and their targets. In: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 12, No. 1 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ewing, M.T., Wagstaff, P.E., Powell, I.H.: Brand rivalry and community conflict. J. Bus. Res. 66(1), 4–12 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Foody, M., Samara, M., Carlbring, P.: A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy. Internet Interv. 2(3), 235–242 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hutto, C., Gilbert, E.: Vader: a parsimonious rule-based model for sentiment analysis of social media text. In: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 8 No. 1 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ilhan, B.E., Kübler, R.V., Pauwels, K.H.: Battle of the brand fans: Impact of brand attack and defense on social media. J. Interact. Mark. 43, 33–51 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kowalski, R.M., Giumetti, G.W., Schroeder, A.N., Lattanner, M.R.: Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychol. Bull. 140(4), 1073–1137 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kowalski, R.M., Limber, S.P., Agatston, P.W.: Cyberbullying: Bullying in the Digital Age. Wiley (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Leeflang, P.S.H., Verhoef, P.C., Dahlstrӧm, P., Freundt, T.: Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era. Eur. Manag. J. 32(1), 1–12 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Notar, C., et al.: Cyberbullying: a review of the literature. Univ. J. Educ. Res. 1(1), 1–9 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pang, B., Lee, L., Vaithyanathan, S.: ‘Thumbs up? Sentiment classification using machine learning techniques. arXiv preprintcs/0205070 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  24. PEW Research Centre: Online harassment. http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2018/10/PI_OnlineHarassment_102214_pdf1.pdf (2018)

  25. Rodkin, P.C., Espelage, D.L., Hanish, L.D.: A relational framework for understanding bullying: developmental antecedents and outcomes. Am. Psychol. 70(4), 311–321 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sibai, O., et al.: Social control in online communities of consumption: a framework for community management. Psychol. market. (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Singh, A.: Emotion detection using machine learning. https://medium.com/@ParallelDots/emotion-detection-using-machine-learning-706ddceaa (2017)

  28. Slonje, R., Smith, P.K., Frisén, A.: The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Comput. Hum. Behav. 29(1), 26–32 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Stephen, A.T.: The role of digital and social media marketing in consumer behavior. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 10, 17–21 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. text2emotion: text2emotion. https://pypi.org/project/text2emotion/ (2020). Last accessed 2021/09/01

  31. Tokunaga, R.S.: Following you home from school: a critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Comput. Hum. Behav. 26(3), 277–287 (2010). Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S074756320900185X

  32. Underwood, R., Bond, E., Baer, R.: Building service brands via social identity: lessons from the sports marketplace. J. Market. 9, 1–13 (2001). Available at: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=6051799

  33. Van Heerde, H.J., et al.: Reality check: infusing ecological value into academic marketing research. J. Market. 85(2), 1–13 (2021). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022242921992383

  34. Whittaker, E., Kowalski, R.M.: Cyberbullying via social media. J. Sch. Violence 14(1), 11–29 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Yadav, M.S., Pavlou, P.A.: Marketing in computer-mediated environments: research synthesis and new directions. J. Mark. 78(1), 20–40 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Breitsohl .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Warke, O., Breitsohl, J., Jose, J. (2022). Consumer Bullying in Online Brand Communities—Quantifying a Dark Social Media Phenomenon. In: Reis, J.L., López, E.P., Moutinho, L., Santos, J.P.M.d. (eds) Marketing and Smart Technologies. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 279. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9268-0_54

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9268-0_54

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-9267-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-9268-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics