Graphene Modified Photocatalysts for the Abatement of Emerging Contaminants in Water

Harafan, Afrah; Gafoor, Shibil Abdul; Kusuma, Tadimeti Divya; Maliyekkal, Shihabudheen M.

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8367-1_16

Afrah Harafan⁶,
Shibil Abdul Gafoor⁶,
Tadimeti Divya Kusuma⁶ &
…
Shihabudheen M. Maliyekkal⁶

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

1068 Accesses
1 Citations

Abstract

The increasing occurrence of emerging contaminants in the water bodies is a significant concern worldwide due to their potential health effects and recalcitrant nature. The conventional treatment methods are not efficient in removing these complex organic molecules to a safe level. In this context, access to state-of-the-art techniques holds the key to removing these contaminants and protect public health and other forms of life. The advanced oxidation processes, which rely on highly reactive chemical species, are suitable for treating these pollutants. The semiconductor-based photocatalytic process is economical, relatively greener, and well documented among the advanced oxidation processes reported. The materials, including titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, molybdenum oxide, and other oxide forms of transition metals, and their derivatives are investigated as photocatalysts. However, the technology’s success depends mainly on the sunlight utilization capability of the photocatalyst, low recombination rate, and photocatalyst stability. These limitations can be overcome by doping/co-doping/supporting these catalysts with carbon and its allotropes, metal and metal oxide, non-metal, or rare-earth metals. However, doping with graphene is gaining interest due to its excellent surface-to-volume ratio, charge carrier capability, thermal and mechanical stability, electron conductive and storage properties, and can form visible light-activated semiconductor nanocomposite. This chapter reviews the recent development of graphene-modified semiconductor photocatalyst employed for the photocatalytic degradation of emerging contaminants. The synthesis protocol, mechanism of degradation, and factors influencing the efficiency of the degradation are discussed.

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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, 517506, India
Afrah Harafan, Shibil Abdul Gafoor, Tadimeti Divya Kusuma & Shihabudheen M. Maliyekkal

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Department of Environmental Science and Engineering (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Swatantra P. Singh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Tarun Gupta
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Shihabudheen M. Maliyekkal

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Harafan, A., Gafoor, S.A., Kusuma, T.D., Maliyekkal, S.M. (2022). Graphene Modified Photocatalysts for the Abatement of Emerging Contaminants in Water. In: P. Singh, S., Agarwal, A.K., Gupta, T., Maliyekkal, S.M. (eds) New Trends in Emerging Environmental Contaminants. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8367-1_16

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