Abstract
In this chapter, the RD model is described to simulate the time kinetics of interface traps. The model uses inversion layer (cold) hole induced dissociation of Hydrogen passivated interfacial defects and defect-assisted conversion of atomic into molecular species (and reverse processes) in the gate insulator bulk during (and after) stress. The model is independently validated using DCIV measured data under DC and AC NBTI stress, from planar MOSFETs with different Nitrogen content in the gate insulator and FinFETs with different Germanium content in the channel. The process dependence is explained, and the validity of the physical mechanism and model parameters are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
N. Kimizuka, K. Yamaguchi, K. Imai, T. Iizuka, C.T. Liu, R.C. Keller, T. Horiuchi, in Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers 92 (2000)
V. Huard, M. Denais, F. Perrier, N. Revil, C. Parthasarathy, A. Bravaix, E. Vincent, Microelectron. Reliab. 45, 83 (2005)
A. T. Krishnan, C. Chancellor, S. Chakravarthi, P. E. Nicollian, V. Reddy, A. Varghese, R. B. Khamankar, and S. Krishnan, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 688 (2005)
D. Varghese, D. Saha, S. Mahapatra, K. Ahmed, F. Nouri, M. Alam, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 684 (2005)
Y. Mitani, T. Yamaguchi, H. Satake, A. Toriumi, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 226 (2007)
S. Mahapatra, K. Ahmed, D. Varghese, A.E. Islam, G. Gupta, L. Madhav, D. Saha, M.A. Alam, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 1 (2007)
Y. Mitani, H. Satake, A. Toriumi, IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. 8, 6 (2008)
S. Pae, M. Agostinelli, M. Brazier, R. Chau, G. Dewey, T. Ghani, M. Hattendorf, J. Hicks, J. Kavalieros, K. Kuhn, M. Kuhn, J. Maiz, M. Metz, K. Mistry, C. Prasad, S. Ramey, A. Roskowski, J. Sandford, C. Thomas, J. Thomas, C. Wiegand, J. Wiedemer, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 352 (2008)
K. Joshi, S. Hung, S. Mukhopadhyay, V. Chaudhary, N. Nanaware, B. Rajamohanan, T. Sato, M. Bevan, A. Wei, A. Noori, B. McDougal, C. Ni, G. Saheli, C. Lazik, P. Liu, D. Chu, L. Date, S. Datta, A. Brand, J. Swenberg, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 4C.2.1 (2013)
J. Franco, B. Kaczer, P.J. Roussel, J. Mitard, M. Cho, L. Witters, T. Grasser, G. Groeseneken, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 60, 396 (2013)
P. Srinivasan, J. Fronheiser, K. Akarvardar, A. Kerber, L.F. Edge, R.G. Southwick, E. Cartier, H. Kothari, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 6A.3.1 (2014)
N. Parihar, N. Goel, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 65, 392 (2018)
N. Parihar, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, TX.5.1 (2018)
V. Huard, C. Ndiaye, M. Arabi, N. Parihar, X. Federspiel, S. Mhira, S. Mahapatra, A. Bravaix, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, TX.4.1 (2018)
N. Parihar, R. Tiwari, C. Ndiaye, M. Arabi, S. Mhira, H. Wong, S. Motzny, V. Moroz, V. Huard, S. Mahapatra, in International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices, 167 (2018)
S. Ramey, A. Ashutosh, C. Auth, J. Clifford, M. Hattendorf, J. Hicks, R. James, A. Rahman, V. Sharma, A.S. Amour, C. Wiegand, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 4C.5.1 (2013)
K.T. Lee, W. Kang, E-A Chung, G. Kim, H. Shim, H. Lee, H. Kim, M. Choe, N.-I. Lee, A. Patel, J. Park, J. Park, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 2D.1.1 (2013)
J. Franco, B. Kaczer, A. Chasin, H. Mertens, L.-A. Ragnarsson, R. Ritzenthaler, S. Mukhopadhyay, H. Arimura, P. J. Roussel, E. Bury, N. Horiguchi, D. Linten, G. Groeseneken, A. Thean, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 4B.2.1 (2016)
G. Jiao, M. Toledano-Luque, K.-J. Nam, N. Toshiro, S.-H. Lee, J.-S. Kim, T. Kauerauf, E. Chung, D. Bae, G. Bae, D.-W. Kim, K. Hwang, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 31.2.1 (2016).
N. Parihar, R.G. Southwick, U. Sharma, M. Wang, J.H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 2D.4.1 (2017)
N. Parihar, R. Southwick, M. Wang, J.H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 7.3.1 (2017).
N. Parihar, U. Sharma, R.G. Southwick, M. Wang, J.H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 65, 23 (2018)
N. Parihar, R.G. Southwick, M. Wang, J.H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 65, 1699 (2018)
N. Parihar, R.G. Southwick, M. Wang, J.H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 65, 1707 (2018)
N. Parihar, R. Tiwari, S. Mahapatra, in International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices, 176 (2018)
R. Tiwari, N. Parihar, K. Thakor, H. Y. Wong, S. Motzny, M. Choi, V. Moroz, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 66, 2086 (2019)
R. Tiwari, N. Parihar, K. Thakor, H. Y. Wong, S. Motzny, M. Choi, V. Moroz, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 66, 2093 (2019)
N. Parihar, U. Sharma, R.G. Southwick, M. Wang, J. H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings (2019)
M. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhou, R. G. Southwick, R. Hsin, K. Chao, X. Miao, V.S. Basker, T. Yamashita, D. Guo, G. Karve, H. Bu, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings (2019)
N. Choudhury, U. Sharma, H. Zhou, R.G. Southwick, M. Wang, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings (2020)
H. Zhou, M. Wang, J. Zhang, K. Watanabe, C. Durfee, S. Mochizuki, R. Bao, R. Southwick, M. Bhuiyan, B. Veeraraghavan, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings (2020)
N. Choudhury, T. Samadder, R. Tiwari, H. Zhou, R.G. Southwick, M. Wang, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings (2021)
S. Mahapatra, N. Goel, S. Desai, S. Gupta, B. Jose, S. Mukhopadhyay, K. Joshi, A. Jain, A.E. Islam, M.A. Alam, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 60, 901 (2013)
A.E. Islam, N. Goel, S. Mahapatra, M.A. Alam, in Fundamentals of Bias Temperature Instability in MOS Transistors (Springer India, 2015), pp. 181–207
N. Choudhury, N. Parihar, N. Goel, A. Thirunavukkarasu, S. Mahapatra, IEEE J. Electron Devices Soc. 8, 1281 (2020)
T. Samadder, N. Choudhury, S. Kumar, D. Kochar, N. Parihar, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 68, 485 (2021)
S. Ling, A.M. El-Sayed, F. Lopez-Gejo, M.B. Watkins, V.V. Afanas’ev, A.L. Shluger, Microelectron. Eng. 109, 310 (2013)
K.F. Schuegraf, C. Hu, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 41, 761 (1994)
K.O. Jeppson, C.M. Svensson, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 2004 (1977)
M.A. Alam, S. Mahapatra, Microelectron. Reliab. 45, 71 (2005)
M.A. Alam, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 14.1.1 (2003)
G. Chen, M.F. Li, C.H. Ang, J.Z. Zheng, D.L. Kwong, IEEE Electron Device Lett. 23, 734 (2002)
A.E. Islam, H. Kufluoglu, D. Varghese, S. Mahapatra, M.A. Alam, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 54, 2143 (2007)
F. Schanovsky, T. Grasser, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, XT.10.1 (2012).
K.L. Brower, S.M. Myers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 162 (1990)
S. Kumar, R. Anandkrishnan, N. Parihar, S. Mahapatra, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 67, 4741 (2020).
S. Rangan, N. Mielke, E.C.C. Yeh, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 14.3.1 (2003)
N. Goel, S. Mahapatra, in Fundamentals of Bias Temperature Instability in MOS Transistors (Springer India, 2015), pp. 209–263
S.S. Tan, T.P. Chen, C.H. Ang, L. Chan, IEEE Electron Device Lett. 25, 504 (2004)
J.H. Stathis, S. Mahapatra, T. Grasser, Microelectron. Reliab. 81, 244 (2018)
P.M. Lenahan, P.V. Dressendorfer, J. Appl. Phys. 55, 3495 (1984)
E. Cartier, J.H. Stathis, D.A. Buchanan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1510 (1993)
J.H. Stathis, E. Cartier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2745 (1994)
E. Cartier, J.H. Stathis, Microelectron. Eng. 28, 3 (1995)
J.H. Stathis, D.J. DiMaria, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2887 (1992)
J.P. Campbell, P.M. Lenahan, A.T. Krishnan, S. Krishnan, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 442 (2006)
S. Fujieda, Y. Miura, M. Saitoh, E. Hasegawa, S. Koyama, K. Ando, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3677 (2003)
J.P. Campbell, P.M. Lenahan, A.T. Krishnan, S. Krishnan, in 2007 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 503 (2007)
J.T. Ryan, P.M. Lenahan, A.T. Krishnan, S. Krishnan, J.P. Campbell, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 988 (2009).
S. Mukhopadhyay, K. Joshi, V. Chaudhary, N. Goel, S. De, R.K. Pandey, K.V.R.M. Murali, S. Mahapatra, in IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, GD 3.1 (2014)
C.J. Nicklaw, Z. Lu, D.M. Fleetwood, R.D. Schrimpf and S.T. Pantelides, IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci. 49, 2667 (2002)
D.P. DiVincenzo, J. Bernholc, M.H. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. B 28, 3246 (1983)
R. Khatri, P. Asoka-Kumar, B. Nielsen, L.O. Roellig, K.G. Lynn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 330 (1994)
S.T. Pantelides, L. Tsetseris, S.N. Rashkeev, X.J. Zhou, D.M. Fleetwood, R.D. Schrimpf, Microelectron. Reliab. 47, 903 (2007)
T. Grasser, M. Waltl, Y. Wimmer, W. Goes, R. Kosik, G. Rzepa, H. Reisinger, G. Pobegen, A. El-Sayed, A. Shluger, B. Kaczer, in IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting Technical Digest, 20.1.1 (2015).
K.L. Brower, Phys. Rev. B 38, 9657 (1988)
Acknowledgements
All experimental data presented in this chapter are re-plotted from previously published reports. One of the authors (Souvik Mahapatra) acknowledges Muhammad Ashraful Alam and Ahmed Ehteshamul Islam for discussion on defect kinetics modeling. The authors acknowledge applied materials for providing planar MOSFETs and IBM for providing measurement facilities and FinFETs. One of the authors (Narendra Parihar) acknowledges Richard Southwick, Miaomiao Wang and James Stathis for help with measurement facilities. Karansingh Thakor is acknowledged for help with manuscript preparation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mahapatra, S., Parihar, N., Mukhopadhyay, S., Goel, N. (2022). BTI Analysis Tool (BAT) Model Framework—Generation of Interface Traps. In: Mahapatra, S. (eds) Recent Advances in PMOS Negative Bias Temperature Instability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6120-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6120-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-6119-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-6120-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)