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Agricultural Waste Management Policies and Programme for Environment and Nutritional Security

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Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security

Abstract

Agriculture is the largest contributor to the global economy and only source for the food and nutritional security; which also generates large amount of waste materials. Agricultural waste (AW) is usually comprised of food processing waste (about 20% of maize is canned and 80% is waste), crop waste, animal waste, and toxic waste used in farming operations. Globally, around 998 Mt of AW is generated annually. Every year, in India, around 500 Mt of crop residue is produced; major portion of it used as fodder and fuel. Yet, there is an excess amount of 140 Mt is remained and about 92 Mt is burned annually. Paradoxically, generations failed to recycle or utilize this energy efficiently in agriculture sector. Hypothesis of the present chapter is, reconnecting crop and livestock production, estimating the nutrient flows between crop production and allied sectors aids in provision of attaining sustainability in food production system; also, to achieve clean environment. To do so, it is important to consider and promote waste management to recycle the mineral nutrients through agro-industrial processes. Thus, a new global effort is pivotal to create awareness on agricultural waste management (AWM) and draw a new scenario to improve nutrient use efficiency, produce more necessary inputs, simultaneously decreasing the environmental impacts. This chapter aims to highlight various categories of AW and its impacts on environment, potential values and benefits of AW in soil health management, crop production, economy and environmental security and different technologies for AW recycling and utilization options. This chapter also focusses on the necessity of various policy programs to develop the AW management.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Anaerobic decomposition

AW:

Agricultural waste

AWMS:

Agriculture waste management systems

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

C:

Carbon

Ca:

Calcium

CA:

Conservation agriculture

CBP:

Consolidating bioprocessing

CH4:

Methane

CO2:

Carbon di-oxide

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

CPC:

Civil procedure code

CPCB:

Central Pollution Control Board

Cu:

Copper

dB:

Decibel

EEA:

European Economic Area

EU:

European Union

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FDA:

Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis

Fe:

Iron

FVW:

Fruit and Vegetable waste

GDP:

Gross Domestic Product

GHG:

Green House Gases

GL:

Gigaliters

Govt.:

Government

IAA:

Indole acetic acid

IPCC:

Intergovernmental panel on climate change

K:

Potassium

LCB:

lignocellulosic biomass

LPG:

Liquid petroleum gas

Mg:

Magnesium

Mm:

Millimetre

Mn:

Manganese

Mt:

Million tons

N:

Nitrogen

N2O:

Nitrous oxide

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NGT:

National Green Tribunal

NH3:

Ammonia

Nm3:

Normal cubic meter

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

NPMCR:

National Policy for Management of Crop Residue

NRSA:

National Remote Sensing Agency

NTPC:

National Thermal Power Corporation

OC:

Organic carbon

P:

Phosphorus

PM:

Particulate matter

R&D:

Research and development

RKVY:

Rashtriya Krishi VikasYogna

SHF:

Separate or sequential hydrolysis and fermentation

SO2 :

Sulphur dioxide

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SSCF:

Simultaneous saccharification and confrontation

SSF:

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

SSF:

Solid State Fermentation

T:

Ton

TS:

Total Solid

UN:

United Nations

US:

United states

USA:

United States of America

USDA:

United States Department of Agriculture

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

Wt:

Weight

yr.:

Year

Zn:

Zinc

Μm:

Micrometer

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India

    Abhas Kumar Sinha, Nandini Roy & Samaresh Sahoo

  2. National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

    S. Rakesh

  3. Department of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India

    Biplab Mitra

  4. Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Kishanganj, Bihar, India

    B. N. Saha

  5. AGORO Carbon Alliance, Kolkata, India

    Sudarshan Dutta

  6. Department of Plant Pathology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India

    Prateek Madhab Bhattacharya

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  1. Abhas Kumar Sinha
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  1. Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Rajan Bhatt

  2. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  3. Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

    Akbar Hossain

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Sinha, A.K. et al. (2021). Agricultural Waste Management Policies and Programme for Environment and Nutritional Security. In: Bhatt, R., Meena, R.S., Hossain, A. (eds) Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5199-1_21

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