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Fungal Mycelium-Based Biocomposites: An Emerging Source of Renewable Materials

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Microbial Technology for Sustainable Environment

Abstract

Fungi are efficiently used to produce a variety of medicinal compounds, functional foods, and environmentally sustainable raw materials for a wide range of consumer goods due to their distinctive biological properties. Mycelium, the vegetative structure of filamentous fungi, acts as a natural, self-assembling adhesive as it grows, binding the fragments of organic substrates, leading to the production of fungal mycelium-based biocomposites (MBCs). These biocomposites are biodegradable alternatives for many synthetic polymers, such as polystyrene, and are therefore considered as a widely applicable, emerging class of renewable materials. MBCs are excellent examples of circular materials, ensuring a cradle-to-cradle (C2C) design, in which biodegradable products can be returned to the ecosystem after its use. Diverse species of fungi can be used to produce MBCs together with a range of agricultural and other plant-based lignocellulosic substrates. Several business start-ups, by innovative investors, are globally leading in mycelium-based product manufacturing. MBCs, including both mycelium-based foams (MBFs) and mycelium-based sandwich composites (MBSCs), are known for their potential industrial applications, such as packaging materials, architectural design, construction, fashion, and automotive insulation products. Both the mycelium binder and substrate type have an immense impact on the significant material properties of MBCs, including their hydrophobicity, acoustic nature, thermal insulation, and fire resistance. This chapter summarizes the diversity of the fungi used to produce MBCs as well as their potential feeding substrates, manufacturing process, physical and mechanical properties, innovative applications, and future directions for related research endeavours.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka

    Dhanushka Udayanga & Shaneya Devmini Miriyagalla

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  1. Dhanushka Udayanga
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  2. Shaneya Devmini Miriyagalla
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Correspondence to Dhanushka Udayanga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

    Pankaj Bhatt

  2. School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India

    Saurabh Gangola

  3. Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka

    Dhanushka Udayanga

  4. Division of Crop Production, ICAR- Central Institute For Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India

    Govind Kumar

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Udayanga, D., Miriyagalla, S.D. (2021). Fungal Mycelium-Based Biocomposites: An Emerging Source of Renewable Materials. In: Bhatt, P., Gangola, S., Udayanga, D., Kumar, G. (eds) Microbial Technology for Sustainable Environment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3840-4_27

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