Background
We have already discussed that people learn in many ways, and there are many types of learning. As an exciting addition, people also use different strategies to learn. These strategies are popularly named ‘learning strategies.’ Learning strategies are simply referred to as methods and approaches used by learners to learn. There is a long list of learning strategies, and more keep evolving as well. These learning strategies range from improving memory to better studying or thinking critically. For example, concrete examples help you remember the content better. The spaced practice supports you to study better, and lateral thinking guides you for thinking differently. This chapter will help you to learn about many more exciting and popular learning strategies. Learning about these strategies will be useful for you as a learner and a teacher as well. As a teacher, you can use these to support learners, and as a learner, you can use these to learn as per your needs and interests.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ackerman, R., & Thompson, V. A. (2014). Meta-reasoning: What can we learn from metamemory. In A. Feeney & V. A. Thompson (Eds.), Reasoning as memory (pp. 164–182). Psychology Press.
AdLit.org. (2020). Classroom strategies summarizing. Retrieved from http://www.adlit.org/strategies/21827/.
Beattie, J., Jordan, L., & Algozzine, B. (2006). Making inclusion work: Effective practices for all teachers. Corwin Press.
Cohen, A. D. (1998). Strategies in learning and using a second language. Longman.
Cook, V. (2008). Second language learning and language teaching. Hodger Education.
Cook, V., & Singleton, D. (2014). Key topics in second language acquisition. MM textbooks.
Dornyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Pearson Education Limited.
Dornyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research and applications. Language Learning, 53(1), 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.53222
Duke, N.K., & Pearson, P.D. (2002). Effective reading practices for developing comprehension. In A.E. Farstrup & S.J. Samuels (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (3rd ed., pp. 205–242). International Reading Association.
El Sakka, F. M. S. (2019). Explicit affective strategy instruction to develop speaking performance of Egyptian EFL University Students. English Language Teaching, 12(4). Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1210446.pdf.
Etxebarria, A., Garay, U., & Romero, A. (2012). Implementation of social strategies in language learning by means of Moodle. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(2), 273–282.
Fries-Gaithe, J. (2011). Making predictions: A strategy for reading and science learning. Retrieved from https://beyondweather.ehe.osu.edu/issue/the-sun-and-earths-climate/making-predictions-a-strategy-for-reading-and-science-learning.
Garay, U., & Etxebarria, A. (2012). Combining affective strategies and the internet for learning second languages. Tejuelo, 15, 17–37.
Goctu, R. (2017). Metacognitive strategies in academic writing. Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 2(2), 82–96.
Hacker, D. J., Dunlosky, J., & Graesser, A. C. (Eds.). (2009). The educational psychology series. Handbook of metacognition in education. Routledge.
Hughes, M., & Nimmo, G. (2017). Models of clinical reasoning. In N. Cooper & J. Frain (Eds.), ABC of clinical reasoning (pp. 17–21). Wiley-Blackwell.
Hurd, S. (2008). Affect and strategy use in independent language learning. In S. Hurd & T. Lewis (Eds.), Language learning strategies in independent settings (pp. 218–236). Multilingual Matters.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
Larenas, C. D., Leiva, L. R., & Navarrete, M. O. (2017). Rhetorical, metacognitive, and cognitive strategies in teacher candidates’ essay writing. PROFILE Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 19(2), 87–100. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v19n2.60231.
Mariani, L. (2020). Learning strategies, teaching strategies and new curricular demands: a critical view. Perspectives, A Journal of TESOL-Itlay, XXUX(2), 45–56.
Mu, C. (2005). A Taxonomy of ESL writing strategies. In Proceedings: Redesigning Pedagogy: Research, Policy, Practice (p. 1–10). Singapore. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/64/1/64.pdf.
O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
Oxford, R. (2011). Teaching and researching language learning strategies. Pearson Education.
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Newbury House/Harper & Row.
Professional Learning BoardProfessional Learning Board. (2020). How can I use clustering as a strategy to enhance learning? Retrieved from https://k12teacherstaffdevelopment.com/tlb/how-can-i-use-clustering-as-a-strategy-to-enhance-learning/.
Richards, J., & Platt, J. (1992). Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistic. Longman.
Sarathy, V. (2018). Real world problem-solving. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 1–14. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00261/full
Schumaker, J. B., & Deshler, D. D. (1992). Validation of learning strategy interventions for students with LD: Results of a programmatic research effort. In Y. L. Wong (Ed.), Contemporary intervention research in learning disabilities: An international perspective (pp. 22–46). Springer.
Seunagal, G. (2020). How to problem-solve with an algorithm: Psychology and this approach. Retrieved from https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/psychologists/how-to-problem-solve-with-an-algorithm-psychology-and-this-approach/.
Shuy, T. (2010). TEAL Center fact sheet no. 3: Self-regulated learning. TEAL Center & Office of Vocational and Adult Education (OVAE) & The Teaching Excellence in Adult Literacy (TEAL) Center, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from https://lincs.ed.gov/sites/default/files/3_TEAL_Self%20Reg%20Learning.pdf.
Smith, D. D., & Rivera, D. P. (1993). Effective discipline (2nd ed.). PRO-ED.
Snowman, J., McCown, R., & Biehler, R. (2012). Psychology applied to teaching (13th ed., p. 2012). Wadsworth.
Tessmer, M., & Jonassen, D. (1988). Learning strategies: A new instructional technology. In D. Harris (Ed.), World yearbook of education 1988: Education for the new technologies (pp. 29–47). Kogan Page.
The IRIS Center. (2020). Metacognitive strategies. Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College, the IRIS (Innovative Resources for Instructional Success) Center. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/math/cresource/q2/p07/.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131.
Weinstein, C. E., & Mayer, R. E. (1986). The teaching of learning strategies. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research in teaching (pp. 315–327). Macmillan.
Weinstein, C. E., Husman, J., & Dierking, D. R. (2000). Self-regulation interventions with a focus on learning strategies. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 727–747). Academic Press.
Wenden, A. L., & Rubin, J. (1987). Learner strategies in language learning. Prentice-Hall.
Willis, J. (2016). Prioritizing: A critical executive function. Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/prioritizing-a-critical-executive-function-judy-willis.
Winn, A. S, DelSignore, L., Marcus, C., Chiel, L., Freiman, E., Stafford, D., & Newman, L. (2019). Applying cognitive learning strategies to enhance learning and retention in clinical teaching settings. MedEdPORTAL, The AAMC Journal of Teaching and Laerning Resource, 15, 10850. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6946583/.
Xiao, M., Zi-Qi, Y., Zhu-Qing, G., Hong, Z., Nai-Yue, D., & Yu-Tong, S. (2017). The effect of diaphragmatic breathing on attention, negative affect and stress in healthy adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00874
Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64–70.
Zimmerman, B., Bonner, S., & Kovach, R. (2002). Developing self-regulated learners: Beyond achievement to self-efficacy. American Psychological Association.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Misra, P.K. (2021). Strategies for Learning. In: Learning and Teaching for Teachers. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3077-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3077-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-3076-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-3077-4
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)