Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Aquareovirus Infection

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aquareovirus

  • 316 Accesses

Abstract

Aquareoviruses can cause great losses to the aquaculture industry owing to their broad host range. They have been isolated from various marine and freshwater aquatic animals worldwide, including fish and shellfish. There are no effective antiviral therapies or vaccines available thus far for most aquareovirus diseases; therefore, accurate detection and early diagnosis of aquareovirus infections are critical for controlling these diseases. Conventional aquareovirus detection methods include virus isolation from fish cell lines, purification and electron microscopy, genomic electropherotype analysis, immunoenzyme staining, and staphylococcal coagglutination test. Currently, diagnostic methods based on nucleic acids, immunology, and genome sequencing are being developed to overcome the limitations associated with traditional methods. In this chapter, we discuss the progress in research on diagnostic strategies for detecting aquareoviruses, thereby guiding further research on these viruses and the associated disease diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

CCK:

Channel catfish kidney

CCRV:

Channel catfish reovirus

CHSE:

Chinook salmon embryo

CIK:

Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

CSRV:

Chum salmon reovirus

dsRNA:

Double-stranded RNA

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EM:

Electron microscopy

GCRV:

Grass carp reovirus

GSRV:

Golden shiner reovirus

HDGC:

Hemorrhagic disease of grass carp

IgM:

Immunoglobulin M

LAMP:

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification

LSRV:

Landlocked salmon reovirus

MCRV:

Mud crab reovirus

MERV:

Marbled eel reovirus

NASBA:

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PRV:

Piscine orthoreovirus

RPA:

Recombinase polymerase amplification

RT-LAMP:

Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

SBRV:

Striped bass reovirus

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SsRV:

Scylla serrata reovirus

TRV:

Turbot reovirus

References

  1. Lupiani B, Subramanian K, Samal SK (1995) Aquareoviruses. Annu Rev Fish Dis 5:175–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Banerjee A (1980) 5′-terminal cap structure in eucaryotic messenger ribonucleic acids. Microbiol Rev 44(2):175–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Mertens P (2004) The dsRNA viruses. Virus Res 101(1):3–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Attoui H, Fang Q, Jaafar FM, Cantaloube J, Biagini P, de Micco P, de Lamballerie X (2002) Common evolutionary origin of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses revealed by genome characterization of golden shiner reovirus, grass carp reovirus, striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus (genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae). J Gen Virol 83(8):1941–1951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lupiani B, Dopazo CP, Ledo A, Fouz B, Barja JL, Hetrick EM, Toranzo AE (1989) New syndrome of mixed bacterial and viral etiology in cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus. J Aquat Anim Health 1(3):197–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Winton JR, Lannan CN, Fryer JL, Kimura T (1981) Isolation of a new reovirus from chum salmon in Japan. Fish Pathol 15(3–4):155–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jing HL, Zhang LF, Fang ZZ, Xu LP, Zhang M, Wang N, Jiang YL, Lin XM (2014) Detection of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) with monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 159(4):649–655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Palacios G, Løvoll M, Tengs T, Hornig M, Hutchison S, Hui J, Kongtorp RT, Savji N, Bussetti AV, Solovyov A, Kristoffersen AB, Celone C, Street C, Trifonov V, Hirschberg DL, Rabadan R, Egholm M, Rimstad E, Lipkin WI (2010) Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation of farmed salmon is associated with infection with a novel reovirus. PLoS One 5(7):e11487

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rimstad E, Wessel Ø (2015) New species in the genus Orthoreovirus. http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/proposals/animal_dsrna_and_ssrna-_viruses/m/animal_rna_minus_ec_approved/5564.aspx

  10. Wessel Ø, Braaen S, Alarcon M, Haatveit H, Roos N, Markussen T, Tengs T, Dahle MK, Rimstad E (2017) Infection with purified piscine orthoreovirus demonstrates a causal relationship with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon. PLoS One 12(8):e0183781

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang YB, Gui JF (2004) Identification of two novel interferon stimulated genes from cultured CAB cells induced by UV inactivated grass carp hemorrhage virus. Dis Aquat Org 60(9):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhou Y, Zeng LB, Fan YD, Xu J, Ma J, Luo XS (2011) Establishment of a TaqMan real-time assay for detecting the grass carp reovirus. J Fish China 35(5):774–779

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Deng XX, Lü L, Ou YJ, Su HJ, Li G, Guo ZX, Zhang R, Zhang PR, Chen YG, He JG, Wang SP (2012) Sequence analysis of 12 genome segments of mud crab reovirus (MCRV). Virology 422(2):185–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen JG, Xiong J, Yang JF, Mao ZJ, Chen XX (2011) Nucleotide sequences of four RNA segments of a reovirus isolated from the mud crab Scylla serrate provide evidence that this virus belongs to a new genus in the family Reoviridae. Arch Virol 156(3):523–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Goodwin AE, Merry GE, Attoui H (2010) Detection and prevalence of the nonsyncytial American grass carp reovirus Aquareovirus G by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J Aquat Anim Health 22(1):8–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Min SQ, Hong SW, Cai YQ (1986) The preparation and application of several antisera against fish reovirus (FRV). J Fish China 10(4):383–387. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Racine T, Hurst T, Barry C, Shou JY, Kibenge F, Duncan R (2009) Aquareovirus effects syncytiogenesis by using a novel member of the FAST protein family translated from a noncanonical translation start site. J Virol 83(11):5951–5925

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Rangel AAC, Rockemann DD, Hetrick FM, Samal SK (1999) Identification of grass carp haemorrhage virus as a new genogroup of aquareovirus. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 9):2399–2402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Seng EK, Fang Q, Lam TJ, Sin YM (2004) Development of a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for fish Aquareovirus based of RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 118(2):111–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang S, Bonami JR (2012) Isolation and partial characterization of a new reovirus from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis H Milne Edwards. J Fish Dis 35(10):733–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Attoui H, Mertens PPC, Becnel J, Belaganahalli S, Bergoin M, Brussaard CP et al (2012) Family Reoviridae. In: King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ (eds) Virus taxonomy: ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 541–637

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fan YD, Rao SJ, Zeng LD, Ma J, Zhou Y, Xu J, Zhang H (2013) Identification and genomic characterization of a novel fish reovirus, Hubei grass carp disease reovirus, isolated in 2009 in China. J Gen Virol 94(10):2266–2277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Jiang YL (2009) Hemorrhagic disease of grass carp: status of outbreaks, diagnosis, surveillance, and research. Israeli J Aquacultu 61(3):188–197

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lupiani B, Subramanian K, Hetrick EM, Samal SK (1993) A genetic probe for the identification of the turbot aquareovirus in infected cell cultures. Dis Aquat Org 15:187–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pei C, Ke F, Chen ZY, Zhang QY (2014) Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of grass carp reovirus strain 109 (GCReV-109) with other grass carp reovirus strains reveals no significant correlation with regional distribution. Arch Virol 159(9):2435–2440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Xu J, Zeng LB, Luo XS, Wang Y, Fan YD, Gong SY (2013) Reovirus infection emerged in cultured channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in China. Aquaculture 372:39–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zainathan SC, Carlile G, Carson J, McColl KA, Crane MJ, Williams LM, Hoad J, Moody NJG, Aiken HM, Browning GF, Nowak BF (2015) Development and application of molecular methods (PCR) for detection of Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus. J Fish Dis 38(8):739–754

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY, Xu DH, Wu SQ (2013) A one-step molecular biology method for simple and rapid detection of grass crap (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus (GCRV) HZ08 strain. J Fish Biol 82(5):1545–1555

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang QL, Yan Y, Shen JY, Hao GJ, Shi CY, Wang QT, Liu H, Huang J (2013) Development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of grass carp reovirus. J Virol Methods 187(2):384–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Attoui H, Mohd Jaafar F, Belhouchet M, de Micco P, de Lamballerie X, Brussaard CP (2006) Micromonas pusilla reovirus: a new member of the family Reoviridae assigned to a novel proposed genus (Mimoreovirus). J Gen Virol 87(5):1375–1383

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Reinisch KM (2002) The dsRNA viridae and their catalytic capsids. Nat Struct Biol 9(10):714–716

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Samal SK, Dopazo CP, McPhillips TH, Baya A, Mohanty SB, Hetrick FM (1990) Molecular characterization of rotaviruslike virus isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis). J Virol 64(11):5235–5240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Ke F, He LB, Pei C, Zhang QY (2011) Turbot reovirus (SMReV) genome encoding a FAST protein with a non-AUG start site. BMC Genomics 12:323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. DeWitte-Orr SJ, Bols NC (2007) Cytopathic effects of chum salmon reovirus to salmonid epithelial, fibroblast and macrophage cell lines. Virus Res 126(1–2):159–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Amend DF, McDowell T, Hedrick RP (1984) Characteristics of a previously unidentified virus from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Canadian J Fish Aquat Sci 41(5):807–811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Plumb JA, Bowser PR, Grizzle JM, Mitchell AJ (1979) Fish viruses: a double-stranded RNA virus icosahedral virus from a North American cyprinid. J Fish Res Board Canada 36(11):1390–1394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Huang HW, Huang CH, Wen CM (2019) Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a novel aquareovirus isolated from a diseased marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata). Arch Virol 164(10):2585–2592

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Baya A, Toranzo AE, Nuiiez S, Barja JL, Hetrick EM (1990) Association of a Moraxella sp. and reo-like virus with mortalities of striped bass, Morone saxatilis. In: Perkins EO, Cheng TC (eds) Pathology in marine science. Academic Press, New York, pp 91–99

    Google Scholar 

  39. Walton A, Montanie H, Arcier JM, Smith VJ, Bonami JR (1999) Construction of a gene probe for detection of P virus (Reoviridae) in a marine decapod. J Virol Methods 81(1–2):183–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hsu YL, Chen BS, Wu JL (1989) Characteristics of a new reo-like virus isolated from landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort). Fish Pathol 24(1):37–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Cusack R, Groman DG, MacKinnon AM, Kibenge FSB, Wadowska D, Brown N (2001) Pathology associated with an aquareovirus in captive juvenile Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus L and an experimental treatment strategy for a concurrent bacterial infection. Dis Aquat Org 44:7–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mikalsen AB, Haugland Ø, Rode M, Solbakk IT, Evensen Ø (2012) Atlantic salmon reovirus infection causes a CD8 T cell myocarditis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). PLoS One 7(6):e37269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Samal SK, McPhillips TH, Dinan D, Rockemann DD (1998) Lack of restriction of growth for aquareovirus in mammalian cells. Arch Virol 143(3):571–579

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Schachner O, Soliman H, Straif M, Schilcher F, El-Matbouli M (2014) Isolation and characterization of a novel reovirus from white bream Blicca bjoerkna. Dis Aquat Org 112(2):131–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Vamer PW, Lewis DH (1991) Characterization of a virus associated with head and lateral line erosion syndrome in marine angelfish. J Aquat Anim Health 3(3):198–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Wu ML, Cui K, Li HY, He JX, Chen HL, Jiang YY, Ren J (2016) Genomic characterization and evolution analysis of a mutant reovirus isolated from grass carp in Anhui. Arch Virol 161(5):1385–1387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Winton JR, Lannan CN, Fryer JL, Hedrick RP, Meyers TR, Plumb JA, Yamamoto T (1987) Morphological and biochemical properties of four members of a novel group of reoviruses isolated from aquatic animals. J Gen Virol 68(Pt 2):353–364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Attoui H, Mertens PPC, Becnel J, Belaganahalli S and others (2011) Family Reoviridae. In: King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ (eds) Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. Ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, London, pp 541–637

    Google Scholar 

  49. Weng SP, Guo ZX, Sun JJ, Chan SM, He JG (2007) A reovirus disease in cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China. J Fish Dis 30(3):133–139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Finstad ØW, Falk K, Løvoll M, Evensen Ø, Rimstad E (2012) Immunohistochemical detection of piscine reovirus (PRV) in hearts of Atlantic salmon coincide with the course of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). Vet Res 43(1):27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Wang Q, Zeng WW, Yin L, Wang YY, Liu C, Li YY, Zheng SC, Shi CB (2016) Comparative study on physical–chemical and biological characteristics of grass carp Reovirus from different genotypes. J World Aquac Soc 47(6):862–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Chi SC, Hu WW, Lo BJ (1999) Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line (GF-1) derived from grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton): a cell line susceptible to grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV). J Fish Dis 22(3):173–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Kibenge MJT, Iwamoto T, Wang YW, Morton A, Godoy MG, Kibenge FSB (2013) Whole-genome analysis of piscine reovirus (PRV) shows PRV represents a new genus in family Reoviridae and its genome segment S1 sequences group it into two separate sub-genotypes. Virol J 10:230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Makhsous N, Jensen NL, Haman KH, Batts WN, Jerome KR, Winton JR, Greninger AL (2017) Isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus. Virol J 14(1):1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Winton JR, Arakawa CK, Lannan CN, Fryer JL (1989) Isolation of a reovirus from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisufch) in Oregon, USA. In: Ahne W, Kurstak E (eds) Viruses of lower vertebrates. Springer, Berlin, pp 257–269

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  56. Pao HY, Wu CY, Wen CM (2019) Persistent development of adomavirus and aquareovirus in a novel cell line from marbled eel with petechial skin haemorrhage. J Fish Dis 42(3):345–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ahne W, Kolbl O (1987) Occurrence of reoviruses in European cyprinid fishes (Tinea tinea Lin, Leuciscus cephalus Lin.). J Appl Ichthyol 3(3):139–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Higuchi R, Dollinger G, Walsh PS, Griffith R (1992) Simultaneous amplification and detection of specific DNA sequences. Biotechnology 10(4):413–417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Liu BQ, Zeng WW, Wang Q, Zhang LS, Wang YY, Shi CB, Wu SQ (2012) Development of a fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for detection of grass carp reovirus HZ08 strain. J Fish Sci China 19(2):329–335

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. He YX, Jiang YS, Lu LQ (2013) Serodiagnosis of grass carp reovirus infection in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella by a novel Western blot technique. J Virol Methods 194(1–2):14–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Prediger EA (2001) Detection and quantitation of mRNAs using ribonuclease protection assays. Methods Mol Biol 160:495–505

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Rottman JB (2002) The ribonuclease protection assay: a powerful tool for the veterinary pathologist. Vet Pathol 39(1):2–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhang C, Wang Q, Shi CB, Zeng WW, Liu YK, Wu SQ (2010) Molecular analysis of grass carp reovirus HZ08 genome segments 1–3 and 5–6. Virus Genes 41(1):102–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Li J, Wang TH, Yi YL, Liu HQ, Lu RH, Chen HX (1997) A detection method for grass carp hemorrhagic virus (GCRV) based on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Dis Aquat Org 29(1):7–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Kongtorp RT, Taksdal T (2009) Studies with experimental transmission of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 32(3):253–262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Fan YD, Ma J, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Liu WZ, Zeng LB (2018) Establishment and application of a universal RT-PCR assay for detection of different genotype grass carp reovirus. Freshw Fish 48(6):9–16

    Google Scholar 

  67. Shao JZ, Xiang LX, Li YN, Mao SJ (1996) Study of the detection of hemorrhagic virus by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose membrane(dot-ELISA). J Fish China 20(1):6–12

    Google Scholar 

  68. Gui JF, Zhu ZY (2012) Molecular basis and genetic improvement of economically important traits in aquaculture animals. Chin Sci Bull 57(15):1751–1760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Yang GZ, Luo YZ, Ye XP (1991) Rapid serological diagnosis of grass carp hemorrhagic virus by coagglutination test using staphylococci protein A. J Fish China 15(1):27–33

    Google Scholar 

  70. Zhang LL, Luo Q, Fang Q, Wang YP (2010) An improved RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of grass carp reovirus. J Virol Method 169(1):28–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Zainathan SC, Carson J, Crane MS, Williams LM, Hoad J, Moody NJG, Gudkovs N, Leis A, Crameri S, Hyatt AD, Young J, Nowak BF (2017) Preliminary characterization of Tasmanian aquareovirus (TSRV) isolates. Arch Virol 162(3):625–634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Zhang D, Yang K, Su YL, Feng J, Guo ZX (2013) A duplex nested-PCR assay for detection of mud crab reovirus and mud crab dicistrovirus-1. J Fish Sci China 20(4):808–815

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hedrick RP, Rosemark R, Aronstein D, Winton JR, Mcdowell T, Amend DF (1984) Characteristics of a new reovirus from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J Gen Virol 65(9):1527–1534

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Teige LH, Lund M, Haatveit HM, Røsæg MV, Wessel Ø, Dahle MK, Storset AK (2017) A bead based multiplex immunoassay detects piscine orthoreovirus specific antibodies in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish Shellfish Immunol 63:491–499

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Zeng WW, Wang YY, Guo YM, Sven MB, Yin JY, Li YY, Ren Y, Shi CB, Wang Q (2018) Development of a VP38 recombinant protein based indirect ELISA for detection of antibodies against grass crap reovirus genotype II. J Fish Dis 41(12):1811–1819

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Wessel Ø, Olsen CM, Rimstad E, Dahle MK (2015) Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) replicates in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) erythrocytes ex vivo. Vet Res 46:26

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Blindheim S, Nylund A, Watanabe K, Plarre H, Erstad B, Nylund S (2015) A new aquareovirus causing high mortality in farmed Atlantic halibut fry in Norway. Arch Virol 160(1):91–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Zhang QY, Ruan HM, Li ZQ, Zhang J, Gui JF (2003) Detection of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV) from Vietnam and comparison with GCHV strain from China. Chin High Technol Lett 9(2):7–13

    Google Scholar 

  79. Zeng WW, Wang YY, Liang HR, Liu C, Song XJ, Wu SQ, Wang Q (2014) A one-step duplex rRT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of grass carp reovirus genotypes I and II. J Virol Methods 210:32–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Chen JG, Xiong J, Cui BJ, Yang JF, Mao ZJ, Li WC, Chen XX, Zheng XJ (2011) Rapid and sensitive detection of mud crab Scylla serrata reovirus by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Virol Methods 178(1–2):153–160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Zeng WW, Wang Q, Wang YY, Shi CB, Wu SQ (2013) Establishment of multiplex PCR for detection of grass carp reovirus and its application. J Fish Sci China 20(2):419–426

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Piepenburg O, Williams CH, Stemple DL, Armes NA (2006) DNA detection using recombination proteins. PLoS Biol 4(7):e204

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Wang Q, Xie HL, Zeng WW, Wang LC, Liu C, Wu JX, Wang YY, Li YY, Bergmann SM (2018) Development of indirect immunofluorescence assay for TCID50 measurement of grass carp reovirus genotype II without cytopathic effect onto cells. Microb Pathog 114:68–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Liu BQ, Zeng WW, Wang Q, Zhang LS, Wang YY, Shi CB, Li H, Wu SQ (2012) Development of fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detection of crass crap reovirus JX-0901 strain and its application on virus quantitative analysis. Guangdong Agric Sci 11:139–143

    Google Scholar 

  85. Wang H, Zhou ST, Wen JX, Sun M, Jiang YS, Lu LQ, Xie J (2020) A real-time reverse-transcription isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the rapid detection of genotype III grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus. J Virol Methods 277:113802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Blindheim S, Nylund A, Watanabe K, Plarre H, Erstad B, Nylund S (2015) A new aquareovirus causing high mortality in farmed Atlantic halibut fry in Norway. Arch Virol 160(1):91–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Zeng WW, Yao W, Wang Q, Wang YY, Li YY, Sven MB, Ren Y, Shi CB, Song XJ, Huang QW, Zheng SC (2017) Molecular detection of genotype II grass carp reovirus based on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NASBA-ELISA). J Virol Methods 243:92–97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Ye X, Tian Y, Deng GC, Chi YY, Jiang XY (2012) Complete genomic sequence of a reovirus isolated from grass carp in China. Virus Res 163(1):275–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Guo ZX, Weng SP, Li G, Chanc SM, He JG (2008) Development of an RT-PCR detection method for mud crab reovirus. J Virol Methods 151(2):237–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Jaafar FM, Goodwin AE, Belhouchet M, Merry G, Fang Q, Cantaloube JF, Biagini P, Micco P, Mertens PPC, Attoui H (2008) Complete characterisation of the American grass carp reovirus genome (genus Aquareovirus: family Reoviridae) reveals an evolutionary link between aquareoviruses and coltiviruses. Virology 373(2):310–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. King AM et al (2012) Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. Ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, vol 9. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  92. Bjørgen H, Wessel Ø, Fjelldal PG, Hansen T, Sveier H, Sæbø HR, Koppang EO (2015) Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) in red and melanised foci in white muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Vet Res 46(1):89

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA (2005) Virus taxonomy: VIIIth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, London, pp 511–516

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China

    Weiwei Zeng

  2. Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Yingying Wang, Qing Wang, Yahui Wang, Jiyuan Yin & Yingying Li

Authors
  1. Weiwei Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yingying Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qing Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yahui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jiyuan Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yingying Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weiwei Zeng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Qin Fang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zeng, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Yin, J., Li, Y. (2021). Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Aquareovirus Infection. In: Fang, Q. (eds) Aquareovirus. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1903-8_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation