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Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM): Vision, Mission, and Accomplishments

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Advances in Vision Research, Volume III

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

Abstract

The Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) is an international collaboration founded to increase knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia. The consortium was established in 2011 and consists of >50 studies from all over the world with epidemiological and genetic data on myopia endophenotypes. Due to these efforts, almost 200 genetic loci for refractive error and myopia have been identified. These genetic risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. The genetic loci are expressed in all retinal cell layers and play a role in different processes, e.g., in phototransduction or extracellular matrix remodeling. The work of CREAM over the years has implicated the major pathways in conferring susceptibility to myopia and supports the notion that myopia is caused by a light-dependent retina-to-sclera signaling cascade. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. However, as the currently identified genetic loci explain only a fraction of the high heritability, further genetic advances are needed. It is recommended to expand large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, to consider gene-environment effects by thorough measurements of environmental exposures, and to focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth. The CREAM consortium will endeavor to play a pivotal role in these future developments.

Details of authors from “CREAM Consortium” are included in Appendix.

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Abbreviations

ALSPAC:

Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

AREDS:

Age-Related Eye Disease Study

BMES:

Blue Mountain Eye Study

CA repeats:

Cytosine–Adenine repeats

CREAM:

Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia

GEWIS:

genome-environment-wide interaction studies

GCTA:

genome-wide complex trait analysis

GWAS:

genome-wide association studies

GxE:

gene–environment interaction

KORA:

Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg

MR:

Mendelian randomization

nmol/l:

nanomole/liter

OMIM:

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database

SNP:

single-nucleotide polymorphism

SSGAC:

Social Science Genetic Association Consortium

WES:

whole-exome sequencing

WGS:

whole-genome sequencing

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Acknowledgments

We thank all CREAM study participants, their relatives, and the staff at the recruitment centers for their invaluable contributions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Annechien E. G. Haarman, Milly S. Tedja, Magda A. Meester-Smoor, Caroline C. W. Klaver & Virginie J. M. Verhoeven

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Annechien E. G. Haarman, Milly S. Tedja, Magda A. Meester-Smoor, Caroline C. W. Klaver & Virginie J. M. Verhoeven

  3. Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Jaakko Kaprio

  4. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Jaakko Kaprio

  5. Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    David A. Mackey

  6. Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

    David A. Mackey

  7. Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

    David A. Mackey

  8. School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    Jeremy A. Guggenheim

  9. Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Christopher J. Hammond

  10. Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Caroline C. W. Klaver

  11. Institute of molecular and clinical ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland

    Caroline C. W. Klaver

  12. Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Virginie J. M. Verhoeven

Authors
  1. Annechien E. G. Haarman
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  2. Milly S. Tedja
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  3. Magda A. Meester-Smoor
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  4. Jaakko Kaprio
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  5. David A. Mackey
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  6. Jeremy A. Guggenheim
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  7. Christopher J. Hammond
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  8. Caroline C. W. Klaver
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  9. Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
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Consortia

CREAM Consortium

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Virginie J. M. Verhoeven .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Gyan Prakash

  2. National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Takeshi Iwata

CREAM Membership List

CREAM Membership List

26.1.1 The CREAM Consortium

Joan E. Bailey-Wilson1, Paul Nigel Baird2, Amutha Barathi Veluchamy3-5, Ginevra Biino6, Kathryn P. Burdon7, Harry Campbell8, Li Jia Chen9, Ching-Yu Cheng10-12, Emily Y. Chew13, Jamie E. Craig14, Phillippa M. Cumberland15, Margaret M. Deangelis16, Cécile Delcourt17, Xiaohu Ding18, Cornelia M. van Duijn19, David M. Evans20-22, Qiao Fan23, Maurizio Fossarello24, Paul J. Foster25, Puya Gharahkhani26, Adriana I. Iglesias19,27,28, Jeremy A. Guggenheim29, Xiaobo Guo18,30, Annechien E.G. Haarman19,28, Toomas Haller31, Christopher J. Hammond32, Xikun Han26, Caroline Hayward33, Mingguang He2,18, Alex W. Hewitt2,7,34, Quan Hoang3,35, Pirro G. Hysi32, Robert P. Igo Jr.36, Sudha K. Iyengar36-38, Jost B. Jonas39,40, Mika Kähönen41,42, Jaakko Kaprio43,44, Anthony P. Khawaja25,45, Caroline C. W. Klaver19,28,46, Barbara E. Klein47, Ronald Klein47, Jonathan H. Lass36,37, Kris Lee47, Terho Lehtimäki48,49, Deyana Lewis1, Qing Li50, Shi-Ming Li40, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen48,49, Stuart MacGregor26, David A. Mackey2,7,34, Nicholas G. Martin51, Akira Meguro52, Andres Metspalu31, Candace Middlebrooks1, Masahiro Miyake53, Nobuhisa Mizuki52, Anthony Musolf1, Stefan Nickels54, Konrad Oexle55, Chi Pui Pang9, Olavi Pärssinen56,57, Andrew D. Paterson58, Norbert Pfeiffer54, Ozren Polasek59,60, Jugnoo S. Rahi15,25,61, Olli Raitakari62,63, Igor Rudan8, Srujana Sahebjada2, Seang-Mei Saw64,65, Dwight Stambolian66, Claire L. Simpson1,67, E-Shyong Tai65, Milly S. Tedja19,28, J. Willem L. Tideman19,28, Akitaka Tsujikawa53, Virginie J.M. Verhoeven19,27,28, Veronique Vitart33, Ningli Wang40, Juho Wedenoja43,68, Wen Bin Wei69, Cathy Williams22, Katie M. Williams32, James F. Wilson8,33, Robert Wojciechowski1,70,71, Ya Xing Wang40, Kenji Yamashiro72, Jason C. S. Yam9, Maurice K.H. Yap73, Seyhan Yazar34, Shea Ping Yip74, Terri L. Young47, Xiangtian Zhou75

Affiliations

  1. 1.

    Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

  2. 2.

    Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

  3. 3.

    Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.

  4. 4.

    Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.

  5. 5.

    Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

  6. 6.

    Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy.

  7. 7.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.

  8. 8.

    Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

  9. 9.

    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

  10. 10.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

  11. 11.

    Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.

  12. 12.

    Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

  13. 13.

    Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.

  14. 14.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

  15. 15.

    Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

  16. 16.

    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

  17. 17.

    Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.

  18. 18.

    State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

  19. 19.

    Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

  20. 20.

    Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

  21. 21.

    MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

  22. 22.

    Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.

  23. 23.

    Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore.

  24. 24.

    University Hospital ‘San Giovanni di Dio’, Cagliari, Italy.

  25. 25.

    NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.

  26. 26.

    Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.

  27. 27.

    Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

  28. 28.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

  29. 29.

    School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

  30. 30.

    Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

  31. 31.

    Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

  32. 32.

    Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

  33. 33.

    MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

  34. 34.

    Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

  35. 35.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, USA.

  36. 36.

    Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

  37. 37.

    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

  38. 38.

    Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

  39. 39.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

  40. 40.

    Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

  41. 41.

    Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

  42. 42.

    Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

  43. 43.

    Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

  44. 44.

    Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

  45. 45.

    Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

  46. 46.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

  47. 47.

    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

  48. 48.

    Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere.

  49. 49.

    Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

  50. 50.

    National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA.

  51. 51.

    Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.

  52. 52.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

  53. 53.

    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

  54. 54.

    Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

  55. 55.

    Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

  56. 56.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland.

  57. 57.

    Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.

  58. 58.

    Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

  59. 59.

    Gen-info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia.

  60. 60.

    University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, Split, Croatia.

  61. 61.

    Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London, UK.

  62. 62.

    Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

  63. 63.

    Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

  64. 64.

    Myopia Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.

  65. 65.

    Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

  66. 66.

    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

  67. 67.

    Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

  68. 68.

    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

  69. 69.

    Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

  70. 70.

    Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

  71. 71.

    Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

  72. 72.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Nagara, Japan.

  73. 73.

    Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

  74. 74.

    Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

  75. 75.

    School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.

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Haarman, A.E.G. et al. (2021). Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM): Vision, Mission, and Accomplishments. In: Prakash, G., Iwata, T. (eds) Advances in Vision Research, Volume III. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9184-6_26

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