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Somatic Embryogenesis and Alternative In Vitro Techniques

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Tea: Genome and Genetics

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Abstract

Genetic engineering through in vitro manipulation of cell seems to be an additional tool for overcoming some of the problems of tea breeding. The prerequisite step for such a technology is an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system. Somatic embryogenesis is considered to be the most efficient regeneration system of tea (Jain and Newton 1990). However, the efficacy of such a system for plant regeneration depends on the efficiency of multiplication and conversion rate of somatic embryos. The advantage of somatic embryogenesis is the development of adventitious embryos from explant tissue without an intervening callus phase which helps in maintaining genetic fidelity (Bano et al. 1991). Therefore, it has a tremendous potential in clonal propagation (Mondal et al. 2001a) and most importantly through genetic transformation of tea (Mondal et al. 1999, 2001b). It has been successfully used for artificial seed production (Mondal et al. 2000; Mondal 2002) and some interspecific hybrid crosses of Camellia (Nadamitsu et al. 1986), where immature somatic embryos were rescued and cultured before abortion. It can also be used for disease-free plant production and androgenic or haploid plant production of tea (Chen and Liao 1982). In tea, somatic embryogenesis is the only alternative pathway to conventional micropropagation due to little or no success on neoformation of adventitious buds or protoplast/suspension cultures (Deka et al. 2006). The various factors, which govern the somatic embryogenesis of tea and related species, have been summarized concisely in Table 4.1 and described below.

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  1. ICAR—National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, PUSA, Delhi, India

    Tapan Kumar Mondal

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Mondal, T.K. (2020). Somatic Embryogenesis and Alternative In Vitro Techniques. In: Tea: Genome and Genetics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8868-6_4

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