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Role of C-Reactive Protein in Tropical Infectious Diseases

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Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein

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Abstract

Tropical diseases are the deadly infectious diseases which are caused by protozoan parasites, and some pathogenic species of bacteria mostly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These diseases mostly affect the population having weaker socioeconomic condition, poor hygiene, and health condition and are highly fatal if left untreated. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), malaria, and tuberculosis are among the notable contributor of highest mortality due to infections globally. The occurrence of HIV with any of the former infections leads to more serious consequences in the developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the possible mechanism of their eradication and understanding the prognosis of the disease. In most of these infections, the common event is the increased expression of serum acute phase protein (s) which indicates the onset of infection. Increased expression of acute phase proteins is employed as a possible diagnostic solutions, among which the C-reactive protein (CRP) is the important one. CRP is the first pattern recognition receptors identified till date and it is expressed by the liver cells in response to the various factors secreted by macrophages. In case of VL, during infection macrophages induce high serum CRP to initiate complement cascade and phagocytosis, but L. donovani utilizes CRP and its receptor to facilitate its entry into macrophage. While in tuberculosis and malaria, the increased serum level of CRP correlates the severity of the disease. Taken together, this chapter highlights the importance of CRP as an important acute phase protein in the most fatal tropical infectious diseases.

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Abbreviations

CD 4:

Cluster of differentiation 4

CM:

Cerebral malaria

CRP:

C-reactive protein

Fcγ R:

Fc gamma receptors

GIPL:

Glycosylinositol phospholipid

gp63:

Surface glycoprotein 63

GSPL:

Glycosphingophospholipid

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency viruses

IFN γ:

Interferon gamma

IL10:

Interleukin 10

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1 beta

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

LPG:

Lipophosphoglycan

MDR:

Multidrug resistant

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NTD:

Neglected tropical diseases

RBC:

Red blood cells

SSG:

Sodium stibogluconate

TB:

Tuberculosis

TGF:

Tumor growth factor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

VL:

Visceral leishmaniasis

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology, Presidency University-New campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Junaid Jibran Jawed

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  1. Department of Zoology, Behala College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Waliza Ansar

  2. School of Biological Sciences, NISER Bhubaneswar, India, Orissa, India

    Shyamasree Ghosh

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Jawed, J.J. (2020). Role of C-Reactive Protein in Tropical Infectious Diseases. In: Ansar, W., Ghosh, S. (eds) Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6787-2_7

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