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Anti-inflammatory Activity of Medicinal Plants: Present Status and Future Perspectives

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Botanical Leads for Drug Discovery

Abstract

Inflammation, a kind of innate immunity, is a biological response of body tissues towards various harmful stimuli. It is known to be initiated as a normal body defense mechanism during injury, exposure to contaminants, radioactive substances, toxicants as well as allergens and infection by a plethora of agents like microbes, viruses. Inflammation is involved in a host of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, obesity, and even cancer. Several inflammatory mediators are produced and secreted at the time of inflammatory responses of different kinds (interferons, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Inflammation is associated with the characteristics like pain, swelling, redness, loss of function in the affected area and heat accumulation in the inflamed area. A significant role in human health is being played by natural products with respect to preventing and treating inflammatory conditions. Besides various synthetic anti-inflammatory agents (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) available, herbal medicine still plays a major role to cure various health conditions as large number of medicinal plants possess secondary compounds that retard the key steps of the inflammation pathway (the nuclear factor NF-κβ, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase). In addition, many of them exhibit excellent free radical scavenging properties. Many studies have reported about the potential role of herbal medicines in suspending inflammation. This communication summarizes the published literature regarding the anti-inflammatory activities of plant extracts, essential oils, and plant-derived compounds along with the underlying molecular mechanisms of their role in inflammation-mediated metabolic diseases. The huge range of research as well as review papers that have reported about the anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils, plant extracts, and/or pure compounds derived from natural products has also been summarized in this chapter. Moreover, this chapter also presents some latest data on some traditionally used medicinal plants that were not investigated yet in this respect.

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Abbreviations

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NO:

Nitric oxide

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  1. Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Sonam Chouhan & Sanjay Guleria

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  1. Plant Sciences (Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Bikarma Singh

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Chouhan, S., Guleria, S. (2020). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Medicinal Plants: Present Status and Future Perspectives. In: Singh, B. (eds) Botanical Leads for Drug Discovery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5917-4_4

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