Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Armed Forces as a Immediate Response State Institution and Its Participation as an Articulator in the Risk Management in Ecuador

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Developments and Advances in Defense and Security (MICRADS 2020)

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 181))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The Ecuadorian Armed Forces have their constitutional mission as indicated in Art. No. 158 of the Constitution of Ecuador. Its human conformation, its technological resources, its equipment and training provide special features such as flexibility, opportunity, scope, speed and efficiency, which all are essential when reacting to a risk situation. As a support and reaction institution to deal with hazards and risks in the national territory in front of multiple existing scenarios, the Army provides experience, equipment and capabilities in the field of risk management. With this base, the military plans are elaborated next to other state institutions responsible for the prevention, reaction and mitigation of the effects produced by natural and anthropic disasters. The last high-magnitude earthquake occurred on April 16 of 2016, allowed to identify the need to know the components of the State based on possible natural hazards. The way to exploit the resources of these components and their distribution in case of emergencies in natural scenarios has been decisive, prior to a decision-making process that optimizes mitigation work of damages. Finally, the Armed Forces at present collaborate with their contingent in the creation of databases on information collected during emergencies, in order to transmit it as inputs as a pertinent corrective measure and perform it into doctrine and plans that facilitate logistical displacement and mobilization of a large military contingent guarantying the security of the population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bowman, I.: The Ecuador-Peru boundary dispute. Foreign Aff. 20, 757–761 (1941)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ramírez, J.E., Semanate, A.D.: The earthquake of Pelileo, Ecuador, August 5, 1949 (abstract). Earthquake Notes, Washington 22 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sarmiento, F.O.: Geomorphology of natural hazards and human-induced disasters in Ecuador. Dev. Earth Surf. Processes 13, 149–163 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Direccion Nacional de Defensa Civil, Defensa Civil: ¿Qué es?. ¿Cómo actúa?, Fenómenos Naturales. Comunicación Social—DNDC, Quito, Ecuador (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Vélez, F.R., Santana, K.B.: Political intelligence and national security in Ecuador: a retrospective reading. J. Power Polit. Gov. 2(3&4), 115–133 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hanratty, D.M. (ed.): Ecuador: A Country Study, vol. 52. US Government Printing Office (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Presidencia de la República del Ecuador: Ley de Seguridad Nacional. Dirección Nacional de Movilización, Quito, Ecuador (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Martínez Dalmau, R.: Democratic constitutionalism and constitutional innovation in Ecuador: the 2008 Constitution. Latin Am. Perspect. 43(1), 158–174 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Toulkeridis, T., Arroyo, C.R., Cruz D’Howitt, M., Debut, A., Vaca, A.V., Cumbal, L., Mato, F., Aguilera, E.: Evaluation of the initial stage of the reactivated Cotopaxi volcano—analysis of the first ejected fine-grained material. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 3(11), 6947–6976 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Toulkeridis, T., Zach, I.: Wind directions of volcanic ash-charged clouds in Ecuador—implications for the public and flight safety. Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risks 8(2), 242–256 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Toulkeridis, T., Chunga, K., Rentería, W., Rodriguez, F., Mato, F., Nikolaou, S., Cruz D’Howitt, M., Besenzon, D., Ruiz, H., Parra, H., Vera-Grunauer, X.: The 7.8 Mw earthquake and tsunami of the 16th April 2016 in Ecuador—seismic evaluation, geological field survey and economic implications. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 36, 197–242 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Toulkeridis, T., Mato, F., Toulkeridis-Estrella, K., Perez Salinas, J.C., Tapia, S. and Fuertes, W.: Real-time radioactive precursor of the April 16, 2016 Mw 7.8 earthquake and tsunami in Ecuador. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 37, 34–48 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Toulkeridis, T., Porras, L., Tierra, A., Toulkeridis-Estrella, K., Cisneros, D., Luna, M., Carrión, J.L., Herrera, M., Murillo, A., Perez-Salinas, J.C., Tapia, S., Fuertes, W., Salazar, R.: Two independent real-time precursors of the 7.8 Mw earthquake in Ecuador based on radioactive and geodetic processes—powerful tools for an early warning system. J. Geodyn. 126, 12–22 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Servicio Integrado de Seguridad ECU 911, Informe de rendición de cuentas 2015, Quito: SIS ECU911 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Corral-De-Witt, D., Carrera, E.V., Matamoros-Vargas, J.A., Muñoz-Romero, S., Rojo-Álvarez, J.L., Tepe, K.: From E-911 to NG-911: overview and challenges in Ecuador. IEEE Access 6, 42578–42591 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Corral-De-Witt, D., Carrera, E., Muñoz-Romero, S., Rojo-Álvarez, J.: Statistical, spatial and temporal mapping of 911 emergencies in Ecuador. Appl. Sci. 8(2), 199 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hoorn, C., Ortega Andrade, H.M., Bonaccorso, E., Linder, P.: Celebrating Alexander von Humboldt’s 250th anniversary: exploring bio- and geodiversity in the Andes (IBS Quito 2019). Front. Biogeogr. 11(2) (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Toulkeridis, T., Buchwaldt, R., Addison, A.: When volcanoes threaten, scientists warn. Geotimes 52, 36–39 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chunga, K., Toulkeridis, T.: First evidence of paleo-tsunami deposits of a major historic event in Ecuador. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 33, 55–69 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rodriguez, F., Cruz D’Howitt, M., Toulkeridis, T., Salazar, R., Ramos Romero, G.E., Recalde Moya, V.A., Padilla, O.: The economic evaluation and significance of an early relocation versus complete destruction by a potential tsunami of a coastal city in Ecuador. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 35(1), 18–35 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Toulkeridis, T., Rodríguez, F., Arias Jiménez, N., Simón Baile, D., Salazar Martínez, R., Addison, A., Freyre Carryon, D., Mato, F., Díaz Perez, C.: Causes and consequences of the sinkhole at El Trébol of Quito, Ecuador—implications for economic damage and risk assessment. Nat. Hazards Earth Sci. Syst. 16, 2031–2041 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Toulkeridis, T.: Unexpected results of a seismic hazard evaluation applied to a modern hydroelectric plant in central Ecuador. J. Struct. Eng. 43(4), 373–380 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Matheus Medina, A.S., Cruz D´Howitt, M., Padilla Almeida, O., Toulkeridis, T., Haro, A.G.: Enhanced vertical evacuation applications with geomatic tools for tsunamis in Salinas, Ecuador. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 35(3), 189–213 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rodriguez, F., Toulkeridis, T., Padilla, O., Mato, F.: Economic risk assessment of Cotopaxi volcano Ecuador in case of a future lahar emplacement. Nat. Hazards 85(1), 605–618 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mato, F., Toulkeridis, T.: The missing Link in El Niño’s phenomenon generation. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 36, 128–144 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Toulkeridis, T., Parra, H., Mato, F., Cruz D’Howitt, M., Sandoval, W., Padilla Almeida, O., Rentería, W., Rodríguez Espinosa, F., Salazar Martinez, R., Cueva Girón, J., Taipe Quispe, A., Bernaza Quiñonez, L.: Contrasting results of potential tsunami hazards in Muisne, central coast of Ecuador. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 36, 13–40 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rodríguez Espinosa, F., Toulkeridis, T., Salazar Martinez, R., Cueva Girón, J., Taipe Quispe, A., Bernaza Quiñonez, L., Padilla Almeida, O., Mato, F., Cruz D´Howitt, M., Parra, H., Sandoval, W. and Rentería, W.: Economic evaluation of recovering a natural protection with concurrent relocation of the threatened public of tsunami hazards in central coastal Ecuador. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 36, 293–306 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chunga, K., Toulkeridis, T., Vera-Grunauer, X., Gutierrez, M., Cahuana, N., Alvarez, A.: A review of earthquakes and tsunami records and characterization of capable faults on the northwestern coast of Ecuador. Scie. Tsunami Hazards 36, 100–127 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jaramillo Castelo, C.A., Padilla Almeida, O., Cruz D´Howitt, M., Toulkeridis, T.: Comparative determination of the probability of landslide occurrences and susceptibility in central Quito, Ecuador. In: 5th International Conference on eDemocracy and eGovernment, ICEDEG 2018 8372318, pp. 136–143 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zafrir Vallejo, R., Padilla-Almeida, O., Cruz D’Howitt, M., Toulkeridis, T., Rodriguez Espinosa, F., Mato, F., Morales Muñoz, B.: Numerical probability modeling of past, present and future landslide occurrences in northern Quito, Ecuador—economic implications and risk assessments. In: 2018 5th International Conference on eDemocracy and eGovernment, ICEDEG 2018 8372318, pp. 117–125 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Mato, F., Toulkeridis, T.: An unsupervised K-means based clustering method for geophysical post-earthquake diagnosis. In: 2017 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), pp. 1–8 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Navas, L., Caiza, P., Toulkeridis, T.: An evaluated comparison between the molecule and steel framing construction systems—implications for the seismic vulnerable Ecuador. Malays. Constr. Res. J. 26(3), 87–109 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Matheus-Medina, A.S., Toulkeridis, T., Padilla-Almeida, O., Cruz-D ́Howitt, M., Chunga, K.: Evaluation of the tsunami vulnerability in the coastal Ecuadorian tourist centers of the peninsulas of Bahia de Caráquez and Salinas. Sci. Tsunami Hazards 38(3), 175–209 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Chunga, K., Mulas, M., Alvarez, A., Galarza, J., Toulkeridis, T.: Characterization of seismogenetic crustal faults in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Andean Geol. 46(1), 66–81 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Toulkeridis, T., Jacome, A., Mato, F.: Ethics, policy, and risk assessment of the Cotopaxi volcanic crisis in Ecuador—vulnerable society versus unprepared volcanic monitoring staff and authorities. In: Geoethics in Latin America, pp. 153–170. Springer, Cham (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Pérez de Armiño, K.: Diccionario de Acción Humanitaria y Cooperación al Desarrollo, Icaria (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos, Ley del Sistema Nacional Descentralizado de Gestión de Riesgos (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Melo Delgado, R.H.: El estado de excepción en el Ecuador y su relación con el estado de derecho (online). Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10644/3118 (2012)

  39. Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador, Ley de Seguridad Pública y del Estado (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rodríguez, C.: Las Fuerzas Armadas de Ecuador en respuesta al Terremoto del 16/A. MIDENA, Quito (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yépez, V.: Las Fuerzas Armadas ecuatorianas como ente articulador del Sistema Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos durante la emergencia del terremoto en Pedernales, abril de 2016. In: Posterremoto, gestión de riesgos y cooperación internacional: Ecuador, Quito-Ecuador, IAEN, pp. 69–93 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Yépez, V.: El apoyo técnico del ejército dentro del sistema de gestion de riesgos. El empleo del Ejército de los Ecuatorianos en el terremoto del 16 de abril de 2016, vol. 35, pp. 139–149 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador

    Víctor Yépez, Jorge Toledo & Theofilos Toulkeridis

Authors
  1. Víctor Yépez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jorge Toledo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Theofilos Toulkeridis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Víctor Yépez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Álvaro Rocha

  2. Centro de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica del Ejército (CICTE), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqui, Ecuador

    Manolo Paredes-Calderón

  3. Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, La Libertad, Ecuador

    Teresa Guarda

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Yépez, V., Toledo, J., Toulkeridis, T. (2020). The Armed Forces as a Immediate Response State Institution and Its Participation as an Articulator in the Risk Management in Ecuador. In: Rocha, Á., Paredes-Calderón, M., Guarda, T. (eds) Developments and Advances in Defense and Security. MICRADS 2020. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 181. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4875-8_47

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation