The Origins of Language Revisited

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Empirical Evidence for the Claim That the Vocal Theory of Language Origins and the Gestural Theory of Language Origins Are Not Incompatible with One Another

   • Nobuo Masataka

   Pages 1-24

3. Primate Vocal Anatomy and Physiology: Similarities and Differences Between Humans and Nonhuman Primates

   • Takeshi Nishimura

   Pages 25-53

4. Integrations of Multiple Abilities Underlying the Vocal Evolutions in Primates

   • Hiroki Koda

   Pages 55-71

5. Conversation Among Primate Species

   • Loïc Pougnault, Florence Levréro, Alban Lemasson

   Pages 73-96

6. Language Evolution from a Perspective of Broca’s Area

   • Masumi Wakita

   Pages 97-113

7. Social Scaffolding of Vocal and Language Development

   • Hirokazu Doi

   Pages 115-137

8. Emergence of the Distinction Between “Verbal” and “Musical” in Early Childhood Development

   • Aleksey Nikolsky

   Pages 139-215

9. “Talking Jew’s Harp” and Its Relation to Vowel Harmony as a Paradigm of Formative Influence of Music on Language

   • Aleksey Nikolsky

   Pages 217-322

10. Were Musicians As Well as Artists in the Ice Age Caves Likely with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Neurodiversity Hypothesis

    • Nobuo Masataka

    Pages 323-345

This book summarizes the latest research on the origins of language, with a focus on the process of evolution and differentiation of language. It provides an update on the earlier successful book, “The Origins of Language” edited by Nobuo Masataka and published in 2008, with new content on emerging topics.

Drawing on the empirical evidence in each respective chapter, the editor presents a coherent account of how language evolved, how music differentiated from language, and how humans finally became neurodivergent as a species.

Chapters on nonhuman primate communication reveal that the evolution of language required the neural rewiring of circuits that controlled vocalization. Language contributed not only to the differentiation of our conceptual ability but also to the differentiation of psychic functions of concepts, emotion, and behavior. It is noteworthy that a rudimentary form of syntax (regularity of call sequences) has emerged in nonhuman primates.

The following chapters explain how music differentiated from language, whereas the pre-linguistic system, or the “prosodic protolanguage,” in nonhuman primates provided a precursor for both language and music. Readers will gain a new understanding of music as a rudimentary form of language that has been discarded in the course of evolution and its role in restoring the primordial synthesis in the human psyche. The discussion leads to an inspiring insight into autism and neurodiversity in humans.

This thought-provoking and carefully presented book will appeal to a wide range of readers in linguistics, psychology, phonology, biology, anthropology and music.

• Language
• Evolution
• Primates
• Vocalization
• Communication

• Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan

  Nobuo Masataka

Nobuo Masataka has been a Professor at Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute since 2003. His doctoral dissertation was a study on vocal communication in New World primates.  Particularly, he specialized in playback experiments, using synthesized sounds in order to investigate vocal perception in monkeys. Thereafter, he extended his research interests to include human infants and arrived at several intriguing findings on preverbal infants’ vocal interactions with their mothers. These findings are summarized in his book Onset of Language, published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. In 2008, he edited The Origins of Language, Unravelling Evolutionary Forces, published by Springer. The present work is essentially the second edition of that book.

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