Abstract
This study reveals the load frequency control of an unequal four-area thermal system with HVDC link considering suitable generation rate constraint. Performances of controllers such as proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and fractional-order PID (FOPID) are separately evaluated in the system. At first, plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is applied to the thermal unit system to provide the stability for fluctuated load demand, which is widely expected from customer side as a spinning reserve. For the better quality of solution and improvement of convergence property, a hybrid differential evolution particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) technique is used here. DC tie-line is introduced here which improves the stability of system as compared to AC link. Comparison of dynamic responses corresponding to above controllers reveals that FOPID outperforms better than conventional PID controller. Also, a comparison has performed with and without PEV applied to four-area systems. The simulation is carried out by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software with step load perturbation (SLP).
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Pahadasingh, S., Jena, C., Panigrahi, C.K. (2020). Load Frequency Control Incorporating Electric Vehicles Using FOPID Controller with HVDC Link. In: Sharma, R., Mishra, M., Nayak, J., Naik, B., Pelusi, D. (eds) Innovation in Electrical Power Engineering, Communication, and Computing Technology. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 630. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2305-2_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2305-2_15
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