Abstract
A comprehensive understanding on soil salinity appraisal is prerequisite for development and execution of rehabilitation programs and productive agricultural use of salt-affected soil (SAS). Indian agriculture since pre-independent era has been providing top priorities to rehabilitate SAS for considering the welfare of farming communities. Broadly SAS are categorized into: saline which are loaded with soluble electrolytes; sodic soil carries disproportionately high levels of sodium relative to calcium and magnesium in soil exchange sites and soil solution with alkaline reaction; and saline-sodic soil with twin problems of sodicity and salinity; and special categories SAS having regional occurrence. Saline and sodic underground water, rainfall deficit and high evapotranspiration demand for crops are usually associated threats with SAS. Therefore, intensive and temporal survey, delineation and mapping are required for capturing the extent of salinity problem. Here, we tried to highlight classification and behaviours of SAS, threat associated with these soils, methodological appraisal for salinity assessment both conventional laboratory chemical analysis and standardized rapid and non-destructive methods like EM-38 based on electromagnetic geophysical tools, time domain reflectometry, resistivity survey, hyper-spectral remote sensing, etc. Besides, several technological options, viz., need of amendment for rehabilitation of sodic soils and agro-technologies for managing salinity are described to combat salinity and sustain crop production.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrol IP, Yadav JSP, Massoud FI (1998) Salt-Affected Soils and their Management. FAO Soils Bulletin 39. Soil Resources, Management and Conservation Service, FAO Land and Water Development Division, Rome
Bajwa MS, Swarup A (2009) Soil salinity and alkalinity. In: Goswami et al (eds) Fundamentals of soil science. Indian Society of Soil Science, New Delhi
Barman A, Mandal AK, Srivastava R, Yadav RK, Sharma PC (2017) Soil salinity characterization using hyper-spectral remote sensing data. ICAR News 23(4):11–12
Basak N, Gobinath R, Rai AK, Sundha P, Yadav RK, Narjary B, Gajender Y, Kumar S, Sharma D K (2017) Deficit saline water irrigation and mulch affect root zone salinity and micronutrient availability in salt-affected soil. In: National Seminar on “nutrients and pollutants in soil-plant-animal-human continuum for sustaining soil, food and nutritional security—way forward” June 9–10, 2017, Lake Hall, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani
Bharadwaj KKR, Abrol IP (1978) Nitrogen management in alkali soils. In: Sen SP, Abrol IP, Sinha SK (eds) Nitrogen assimilation and crop productivity. Associated Publishing Company, New Delhi
Bhargava GP (2003) Training manual for undertaking studies on genesis of sodic/alkali soils. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
Brady NC (1988) The nature and properties of soils, 9th edn. MacMillan Publishing Co. Inc., London
Chhabra R (1996) Soil salinity and water quality. Oxford & IBH Publications, New Delhi
Chhabra R (2004) Classification of salt-affected soils. Arid Land Res Manag 19(1):61–79
Chinchmalatpure AR, Ali S, Kulshrestra N, Singh RK, Bundela DS, Kumar P, Sharma DK (2015) Intellectual property management and commercialization of ICAR-CSSRI technologies for management of salt-affected and waterlogged soils of India. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
Choudhary OP, Ghuman BS, Bijay-Singh TN, Buresh RJ (2011) Effects of long-term use of sodic water irrigation, amendments and crop residues on soil properties and crop yields in rice–wheat cropping system in a calcareous soil. Field Crops Res 121:363–372
Corwin D, Hendrickx JMH (2002) Solute content and concentration—indirect measurement of solute concentration—electrical resistivity: Wenner array. In: Dane JH, Topp GC (eds) Methods of soil analysis, part 4—physical methods, Soil Science Society of America book series 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison
CSSRI (2006) CSSRI: a journey to excellence (1969–2006). Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
El-Mowafy AM (1982) Proc Int Sulphur Conf 1982:489–496
Kubenkulov K, Naushabayev A, Hopkins D (2013) Reclamation efficiency of elemental Sulphur on the soda saline soil. World Appl Sci J 23(9):1245–1252
Li F, Keren R (2009) Calcareous sodic soil reclamation as affected by corn stalk application and incubation: a laboratory study. Pedosphere 9:465–475
Mandal UK, Burman D, Mahanta KK, Sarangi SK, Raut S, Mandal S, Maji B, Bandyopadhyay BK (2015) Bulk soil electrical conductivity for coastal salt affected soils of West Bengal. J Indian Soc Coastal Agric Res 33(1):11–18
Minhas PS (1998) Crop production in saline soils. In: Tyagi NK, Minhas PS (eds) Agricultural salinity management in India. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
Minhas PS, Bajwa MS (2001) Use and management of poor quality waters for the rice–wheat based production system. J Crop Prod 4:273–305
Minhas PS, Gupta RK (1992) Quality of irrigation water assessment and management. ICAR Publication, New Delhi, p 123
Minhas PS, Sharma DR, Chauhan CPS (2004) Management of saline and alkali waters for irrigation. In: advances in Sodic land reclamation, international conference on the sustainable management of sodic lands, Lucknow, India, 9–14 February 2004, pp. 121–162
Minhas PS, Dubey SK, Sharma DR (2007) Comparative affects of blending, intera/inter-seasonal cyclic uses of alkali and good quality waters on soil properties and yields of paddy and wheat. Agric Water Manag 87(8):3–90
Narjary B, Jangra P, Abhishek R, Kumar N, Raju R, Thimappa K, Meena RL, Kumar S, Kumar P, Chichmatalpure AR, Kamra SK (2017) Quantitative assessment of soil salinity using electromagnetic induction technique and geostatistical approach. J Soil Salin Water Qual 9(2):156–166
Rai P, Bardhan G, Chaudhari SK (2014) Water retention, hydraulic conductivity and soil-water diffusivity of three biodraining Sodic soils as influenced by concentration and composition of water. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 62(3):197–208
Rai AK, Basak N, Kumar K, Sundha P, Dixit AK, Yadav RK (2017) Forage production in problematic soil: Indian perspectives. In: Ghosh PK, Mahanta SK, Singh JB, Vijay D, Kumar RV, Yadav VK, Kumar S (eds) Approaches towards fodder security in India. Studera Press, New Delhi
Rai AK, Basak N, Sundha P (2019) Alternate reclamation sources of sodic soils. In: Minhas PS (ed) Salinity management in India. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
Rao KVGK, Visvanatha NA (1998) In: Gupta SK, Sharma SK, Tyagi NK (eds) Salinity control through subsurface drainage. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
Sharma BR, Minhas PS (2005) Strategies for managing saline/alkali waters for sustainable agricultural production in South Asia. Agric Water Manag 78:136–151
Sharma P, Swarup A (1997) Comparison of pyrites varying in water-soluble sulfur with gypsum for the reclamation of alkali soil under a rice-wheat rotation. Biol Fertil Soils 24:96–101
Sharma SK, Kulshreshtha N, Kumar A, Yaduvanshi NPS, Singh M, Prasad KRK, Basak N (2018) Waterlogging effects on elemental composition of wheat genotypes in sodic soils. J Plant Nutr 41(10):1252–1262. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2018.1434541
Singh OP (1998) Salinity and waterlogging problems in irrigation commands. In: Tyagi NK, Minhas PS (eds) Agricultural salinity management in India. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Haryana
Stamford NP, Ribeiro MR, Cunha KPV, Freitas ADS, Santos CERS, Dias SHL (2007) Effectiveness of sulphur with Acidithio bacillus and gypsum in chemical attributes of a Brazilian sodic soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1433–1439
Sundha P, Basak N, Rai AK, Yadav RK, Sharma DK, Sharma PC (2017) N and P release pattern in saline-sodic soil amended with gypsum and municipal solid waste compost. J Soil Salin Water Qual 9(2):145–155
Sundha P, Basak N, Rai AK, Yadav RK, Sharma DK (2018) Utilization of municipal solid waste compost in reclamation of saline-sodic soil irrigated with poor quality water. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 66(1):28–39. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0228.2018.00004.X
Yaduvanshi NPS, Swarup A (2005) Effect of continuous use of sodic irrigation water with and without gypsum, farmyard manure, pressmud and fertilizer on soil properties and yields of rice and wheat in a long term experiment. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 73:111–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-3361-1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Basak, N., Barman, A., Sundha, P., Rai, A.K. (2020). Recent Trends in Soil Salinity Appraisal and Management. In: Rakshit, A., Ghosh, S., Chakraborty, S., Philip, V., Datta, A. (eds) Soil Analysis: Recent Trends and Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2039-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2039-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2038-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2039-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)