Abstract
Marine aquaculture is a growing industry worldwide due to the increasing demand of marine fishes. In the Philippines, unregulated milkfish (Chanos chanos) aquaculture has resulted in environmental deterioration associated with enhancement of sediment hydrogen sulfide leading to fish kills. Efforts to reduce waste loading through feed nutrition are being done; however, environmental impact studies have been inadequate. In this study, a box model estimation of nitrogen (N) budget was used to calculate the amount of particulate waste load. The study site is in Guimaras, Philippines, where there is no unidirectional constant flow; thus decay (k) and diffusion coefficient (Er) were assumed to be constant. Horizontal diffusion equation was used to calculate the extent of dispersion based on the correlation of estimated particulate waste flux and of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) spatial concentrations. Milkfish juveniles (n = 3,674) were reared in a 5 × 5 × 4m cage and was harvested after 189 days of culture (DOC). Body weight was measured monthly (n = 350) and daily feed ration was calculated every after sub-sampling. Logistics growth curve was fitted to observed average body weight (ABW) with the initial age of 60 days old at DOC = 0. Sediments were collected at 5 predetermined points and were analyzed for AVS-S content. The particulate waste generated with the assumption of 5% uneaten feed was correlated with the AVS data at 0m point through regression analysis. The AVS concentration distribution at 0 and 5m points were equated to the waste concentration distribution since these points have observed AVS concentration increase. Decay (k) and diffusion coefficient (Er) were estimated at sinking rates of 0-10 cm/s to establish a relationship between these parameters. This proposed comprehensive scheme to estimate sediment H2S pollution would serve as an effective tool to realize sustainable management of milkfish aquaculture.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Elmer Tiñas, Elmer Javero and Albert Gaitan at SEAFDEC/AQD for the assistance in milkfish cage culture. Also, to the members of the Coastal Engineering laboratory at YNU for the assistance in data analysis. This study was funded by the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS).
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Sumbing, J.G., Nakamura, Y., Kodama, M., Watanabe, S. (2020). Estimation of Milkfish Cage Culture Particulate Waste Dispersion Through Acid Volatile Sulfide Spatial Concentrations. In: Trung Viet, N., Xiping, D., Thanh Tung, T. (eds) APAC 2019. APAC 2019. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0291-0_144
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0291-0_144
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