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Medicinal Plant: Environment Interaction and Mitigation to Abiotic Stress

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Medically Important Plant Biomes: Source of Secondary Metabolites

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 15))

Abstract

Herbal/traditional plant medicine is the most antioxidant-rich category. Abiotic stresses including climatic factors, plant species, extreme temperatures, light intensity, soil and air pollution, drought, flooding, salinity and osmotic changes, and other environmental factors affected both the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system in plants. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) are altered in stressed conditions which lead to the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical, and hydrogen peroxide content of the cells. The different components of nonenzymatic defense system such as glycine betaine (GB), proline, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds also play a crucial role as they interact at cellular level. A common factor between most stresses is the active production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are actively produced and used as signaling molecules by cells in response to most abiotic stresses. Due to the highly reactive nature of ROS, their production and detoxification need to be strictly controlled. Studies on transformed plants expressing increased activities of single enzymes of the antioxidant defense system indicate that it is possible to confer a degree of tolerance to stress by these means. The advent of plant transformation has placed within our grasp the possibility of engineering greater stress tolerance in plants by enhancements of the antioxidant defense system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ex-Research Assistant, Department of Biochemistry, K. G. M. University, Lucknow, UP, India

    Murtaza Abid

  2. Department of Botany, Shia P. G. College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. M. Abid Ali Khan

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  1. Murtaza Abid
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  1. Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Dilfuza Egamberdieva

  2. Department for the Innovation on Biological, Agrofood and Forestal systems (DIBAF), Laboratoy of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Vatican City State

    Antonio Tiezzi

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Abid, M., Abid Ali Khan, M.M. (2019). Medicinal Plant: Environment Interaction and Mitigation to Abiotic Stress. In: Egamberdieva, D., Tiezzi, A. (eds) Medically Important Plant Biomes: Source of Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 15. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9566-6_2

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