Skip to main content

Cultural Differences in the Developing World

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Disorders|Differences of Sex Development

Abstract

The extra challenges faced by both patients and doctors in the developing world are presented, with emphasis on Bangladesh.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdullah MA, Saeed U, Abass A, et al. Disorders of sex development among Sudanese children: 5-year experience of a pediatric endocrinology clinic. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(11–12):1065–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ammini AC, Gupta R, Kapoor A, et al. Etiology, clinical profile, gender identity and long-term follow up of patients with ambiguous genitalia in India. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002;15(4):423–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Backeljauw P. Does growth hormone therapy before 4 years of age enhance the linear growth of girls with Turner’s syndrome? Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008;4(2):78–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Consanguinity and disorders of sex development. Hum Hered. 2014;77(1–4):108–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolar K, Hoffman AR, Maneatis T, et al. Long-term safety of recombinant human growth hormone in turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(2):344–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury TK, Chowdhury MZ, Mili F, et al. Gender identity shows a high correlation with Prader score in patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) presenting in mid childhood. Pediatr Surg Int. 2014a;30(5):527–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury TK, Kabir M, Chowdhury MZ, et al. The challenges in diagnosis and gender assignment in disorders of sex development presenting to a pediatric surgical unit in a developing country: the role of laparoscopy and simple tests for gender identity. J Pediatr Urol. 2014b;10(6):1255–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury TK, Laila K, Hutson JM, et al. Male gender identity in children with 46,XX DSD with congenital adrenal hyperplasia after delayed presentation in mid-childhood. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50(12):2060–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport ML, Crowe BJ, Travers SH, et al. Growth hormone treatment of early growth failure in toddlers with Turner syndrome: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(9):3406–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ediati A, Juniarto AZ, Birnie E, et al. Gender development in Indonesian children, adolescents, and adults with disorders of sex development. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(5):1339–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekenze SO, Nwangwu EI, Amah CC, et al. Disorders of sex development in a developing country: perspectives and outcome of surgical management of 39 cases. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015;31(1):93–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellaithi M, Kamel A, Saber O. Consanguinity and disorders of sexual developments in the Sudan. Sudan J Med Sci. 2011;6:267–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganie Y, Aldous C, Balakrishna Y. Disorders of sex development in children in KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2016;30(1):11–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillam LH, Hewitt JK, Warne GL. Ethical principles for the management of infants with disorders of sex development. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010;74:412–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiort O. Alternative gender categories in different cultures: lessons to be learnt. Commentary on Lang and Kuhnle: intersexuality and alternative gender categories in non-Western cultures (Horm Res 2008;69:240–250). Horm Res. 2008;69(4):251–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain A. Beyond emasculation: being Muslim and becoming Hijra in South Asia. Asian Stud Rev. 2012;36:495–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph AA, Kulshreshtha B, Shabir I, et al. Gender issues and related social stigma affecting patients with a disorder of sex development in India. Arch Sex Behav. 2017;46(2):361–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krstic ZD, Smoljanic Z, Vukanic D, et al. True hermaphroditism: 10 years’ experience. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16(8):580–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiri-Hanninen T, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in infancy: minipuberty. Horm Res Paediatr. 2014;82(2):73–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazen IA. Clinical management of gender in Egypt: intersexuality and transsexualism. Arch Sex Behav. 2017;46(2):369–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mazen I, Hiort O, Bassiouny R, et al. Differential diagnosis of disorders of sex development in Egypt. Horm Res. 2008;70(2):118–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Bahlburg HF. Introduction to the special section on culture and variants of sex/gender: bias and stigma. Arch Sex Behav. 2017;46(2):337–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nanda S. Neither man nor woman: the hijras of India. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy G. With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in South India. Chicage: University of Chicago Press; 2005.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Gupta DK. Male genitoplasty for 46 XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients presenting late and reared as males. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(6):935–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Steven M, O’Toole S, Lam JP, et al. Laparoscopy versus ultrasonography for the evaluation of Mullerian structures in children with complex disorders of sex development. Pediatr Surg Int. 2012;28(12):1161–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warne GL, Raza J. Disorders of sex development (DSDs), their presentation and management in different cultures. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2008;9(3):227–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zainuddin AA, Mahdy ZA. The Islamic perspectives of gender-related issues in the management of patients with disorders of sex development. Arch Sex Behav. 2017;46(2):353–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Banu, T., Chowdhury, T.K. (2020). Cultural Differences in the Developing World. In: Hutson, J., Grover, S., O'Connell, M., Bouty, A., Hanna, C. (eds) Disorders|Differences of Sex Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7864-5_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics