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Historical Perspectives and Dynamics of Nature, Extent, Classification and Management of Salt-affected Soils and Waters

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Research Developments in Saline Agriculture

Abstract

Soluble salts are a natural feature of the landscape, being present usually in small amounts in all soils, waters and rocks. It is only their accumulation beyond a certain proportion that creates a salt land. Soil salinization is an in situ form of soil degradation that arises due to the buildup of soluble salts to deleterious levels at or near the soil surface. Being one of the oldest environmental problems, salinization has been considered as ‘one of the seven main paths to desertification’ and a major process of land degradation. Salt-affected soils occur in about 100 countries under different environmental conditions and have diverse morphological, physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological properties, but one common feature, the dominating influence of electrolytes on the soil-forming processes, joins them into one family. There are many classification systems for salt-affected soils, while a large number of systems exist in individual countries, particularly in those where salt-affected soils are common. Saline soils develop mainly under the influence of sodium chloride and sulphate and closely associated with deserts and semiarid regions and seldom occur in subhumid and humid regions. Alkali soils, formed under the influence of sodium ions capable of alkaline hydrolysis, occur mainly in semiarid, subhumid and humid regions, but they can also be found under practically any environmental conditions.

Beneath many of the world’s deserts are reserves of saline water, and the information for saline water use for irrigation on global perspective is reported from about 50 countries. FAO has also published the standard water quality criteria for saline irrigation. To meet the requirement of good-quality water, for drinking and other uses of ever-increasing population, will make the use of poor-quality waters inevitable. The concerted research efforts have shown that the degraded salt-affected lands and poor-quality waters can be put to sustainable productive use by adopting suitable strategies and remunerative alternate uses through agroforestry adopting appropriate planting and management techniques. In the present chapter, a brief historical perspective and dynamics of nature, extent, classification and management aspects of salty soils and waters have been dealt in brief.

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  1. Natural Resource Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, Pusa, New Delhi, India

    J. C. Dagar

  2. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    R. K. Yadav, Awtar Singh & N. T. Singh

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  1. Natural Resource Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, Pusa, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  2. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Rajender Kumar Yadav

  3. Natural Resource Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, Pusa, New Delhi, India

    Parbodh Chander Sharma

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Dagar, J.C., Yadav, R.K., Singh, A., Singh, N.T. (2019). Historical Perspectives and Dynamics of Nature, Extent, Classification and Management of Salt-affected Soils and Waters. In: Dagar, J., Yadav, R., Sharma, P. (eds) Research Developments in Saline Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5832-6_1

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