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Polyglucosan Bodies in Aged Brain and Neurodegeneration: Cause or Consequence?

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Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology

Abstract

Aging is one of the major risk factors for the onset of a number of idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders. It is not surprising therefore, that the aging process in the brain displays many of the structural and/or physiological changes seen in the brain affected with a neurodegenerative disorder. One of the major hallmarks of such changes includes the formation of proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous (carbohydrate or lipid) inclusions in the neuronal soma and processes. Studies in the recent past have shown a causal correlation between the proteinaceous inclusion and defects in proteolytic processes. However, the physiological basis and significance of the carbohydrate-rich inclusions in the brain have largely been ignored. The carbohydrate inclusions, often referred to as corpora amylacea or the polyglucosan bodies, are aggregates of abnormal forms of glycogen (often lesser branched as compared to normal glycogen), and the inclusions include a small component of proteins as well. Observed both in the neurodegenerative conditions and in the aged brain, whether the carbohydrate inclusions represent causative changes or the end-point changes is yet to be unequivocally resolved. Here, we review our current understanding of the carbohydrate-rich inclusions in the brain and discuss their potential roles in neuronal survival, aging, and death.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (Grant number: SB/SO/HS-059/2013) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) (Grant number: F. NO. 6-10/2017 [IC]), and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (Grant number: BT/HRD/35/01/01/2017), Government of India, for funding research projects on the role of glycogen in neurodegeneration, and A.R. thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, for a research fellowship. The authors also express their gratitude to Dr. S.K Shankar and Dr. Anita Mahadevan of NIMHANS Bangalore for the gift of human brain sections from their tissue repository (Human Brain Bank). SG is P.K. Kelkar Chair Professor at IIT Kanpur. 

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    Anupama Rai & Subramaniam Ganesh

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    Pramod C. Rath

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Rai, A., Ganesh, S. (2019). Polyglucosan Bodies in Aged Brain and Neurodegeneration: Cause or Consequence?. In: Rath, P. (eds) Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3585-3_4

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