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Overview of G-Protein Coupled Receptor

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Metabotropic GPCRs: TGR5 and P2Y Receptors in Health and Diseases

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Abstract

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome, and substantial sources of targets for many industries. During the past two decades, the growth of GPCRs biology is very remarkable. The important findings of the GPCRs includes, first GPCRs cloning, and the sequencing of the human genome revealing the size of the GPCRs family and the number of orphan GPCRs. The N-terminus of the GPCRs protein present outside of the cell and C-terminus appears inside of the cell and having seven transmembrane-spanning segments, the main feature of GPCRs. The different sets of ligands such as proteins, small molecules, hormones, drugs and photons can bind to GPCRs astoundingly in their N-terminus and formed a pocket in the extracellular and transmembrane domains. Indeed, the numbers of studies have shown that GPCRs regulation and signaling is not easy to analyze than originally visualized, and includes signaling through G protein independent pathways. Here we have given a detailed mechanism of signal transduction through GPCR/G proteins and their function and structure.

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    1. Department of Biochemistry, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India

      Senthilkumar Rajagopal

    2. Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China

      Murugavel Ponnusamy

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    Rajagopal, S., Ponnusamy, M. (2018). Overview of G-Protein Coupled Receptor. In: Metabotropic GPCRs: TGR5 and P2Y Receptors in Health and Diseases . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1571-8_1

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